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1.
\(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2-a^4-b^4-c^4>0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2\right)-4a^2b^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-c^2-2ab\right)\left(a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab\right)< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-c^2\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2\right]< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)< 0\left(1\right)\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tg nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c>b\\a-b< c\\a+b>c\\a+b+c>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c>0\\a-b-c< 0\\a+b-c>0\\a+b+c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)\) luôn đúng (do 3 dương nhân 1 âm ra âm)
Từ đó ta được đpcm
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopkxy:
\((2a^2+b^2)(2a^2+c^2)=(a^2+a^2+b^2)(a^2+c^2+a^2)\geq (a^2+ac+ab)^2\)
\(=[a(a+b+c)]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{(2a^2+b^2)(2a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{a^3}{[a(a+b+c)]^2}=\frac{a}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế thu được:
\(\sum \frac{a^3}{(2a^2+b^2)(2a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
a) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schur với \(r=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+ca^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3abc\ge a^2b+ca^2-a^3+ab^2+b^2c-b^3+c^2a+bc^2-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow3abc\ge a^2\left(b+c-a\right)+b^2\left(a+c-b\right)+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+b+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}.b^2}=3a\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+c+c\ge3b\\\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}+a+a\ge3c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge a+b+c\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c) Ta có \(abc=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\) với a , b > 0
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+2b+3c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+2\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{b+2c+3a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]\\\dfrac{1}{c+2a+3b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) ( 1 )
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\) với a , b > 0
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{8}\left[\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{8}\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{16}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{b+2c+3a}+\dfrac{1}{c+2a+3b}\le\dfrac{3}{16}\) ( đpcm )
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+2b^2}+\dfrac{a+2b^2}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{a+2b^2}\cdot\dfrac{a+2b^2}{9}}=\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{a+b+c+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{3+2\cdot\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{9}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+1\ge2\Leftrightarrow VT\ge1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
WLOG \(a\ge b \ge c\)
Chebyshev: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\le3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le a^4+b^4+c^4\)
Cauchy-Schwarz: \(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+2a^2b^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+2b^2c^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+2a^2c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=1=VP\)
a. \(a^3+a^2c-abc+b^2c+b^3\)
<=> \(\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> (\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
vì a+b+c =0 => đpcm
b. 2(a+1)(b+1)=(a+b)(a+b+2)
<=> \(2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)=\)\(a^2+ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(2ab+2a+2b+2=a^2ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2=2\)=> đpcm