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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2+0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ a,V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.n_{Al}+2.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,2+2.0,3=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow H_2dư,O_2hết\\ n_{H_2O}=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)
Gọi oxit kim loại R2Ox
\(n_{H2}=\frac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(R_2O_x+xH_2\rightarrow2R+xH_2O\)
0,4/x__0,4____0,8/x_________
\(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(R+yH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+yH_2\)
___0,3____________0,3__________
\(R_2O_x+xH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_x+xH_2O\)
0,2/x________0,2 mol________
\(n_{R2Ox}=\left(\frac{0,4}{x}+\frac{0,2}{x}\right).\left(2R=16x\right)=34,8\)
\(x=1\Rightarrow R=21\left(loai\right)\)
\(x=2\Rightarrow R=42\left(loai\right)\)
\(x=3\Rightarrow R=56\left(Fe\right)\)
Vậy CTHH là Fe2O3
- Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27a+24b=10,2\left(1\right)\)
Khí thu được sau p/ứ là khí H2: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2 3 (mol)
a 3/2 a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 1 (mol)
b b (mol)
Từ hai PTHH trên ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%Al=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%\approx52,94\%\)
\(\%Mg=100\%-\%Al=100\%-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
\(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow^{t^0}2Fe+3H_2O\)
3 1 2 (mol)
0,5 1/6 1/3 (mol)
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.56=\dfrac{56}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}.160=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=60-m_{Fe}=60-\dfrac{56}{3}=\dfrac{124}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(a=\dfrac{124}{3}+\dfrac{80}{3}=68\left(g\right)\)
\(4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O\\ Ta\ có :\\ m_O = m_B - m_{hh} = 5,4 - 4,44 = 0,96(mol)\\ n_O = \dfrac{0,96}{32} = 0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}= \dfrac{1}{3}n_O = 0,01(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al} = 2n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,02(mol)\\ m_{Al} = 0,02.54 = 1,08(gam)\\ m_{Fe} = 4,44 - 1,08 = 3,36(gam)\)
a)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_xO_y}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 80a + b(56x + 16y) = 4,8 (1)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a------------->a
FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
b----------------->bx
=> 64a + 56bx = 3,52 (2)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
bx-------------------->bx
=> \(bx=\dfrac{0,892}{22,4}\approx0,04\left(mol\right)\)
(2) => a = 0,02 (mol)
(1) => by = 0,06
Xét \(\dfrac{bx}{by}=\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,06}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=> CTPT: Fe2O3
=> b = 0,02 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,02.80=1,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,02.160=3,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) CTPT: Fe2O3
Do ở TN2, khi tăng lượng HCl, khối lượng rắn tăng thêm
=> Trong TN1, HCl hết, kim loại dư
- Xét TN1
Theo ĐLBTKL: mA + mHCl = mrắn sau pư + mH2
=> 18,6 + 36,5.0,5a = 34,575 + 2.0,25a
=> a = 0,9
- Xét TN2:
Giả sử HCl hết
Theo ĐLBTKL: 18,6 + 0,9.36,5 = 39,9 + 0,45.2
=> 51,45 = 40,8 (vô lí)
=> HCl dư, kim loại hết
Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b
=> 65a + 56b = 18,6
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b---------------->b
=> 136a + 127b = 39,9
=> a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,02 0,02 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow x=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_2O_3\)
\(n_{H_2\left(thu\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 : 1 (mol)
0,02 : 0,02 (mol)
\(n_{H_2\left(dùng\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(yH_2+Fe_xO_y\rightarrow^{t^0}xFe+yH_2O\)
y : x (mol)
0,03 : 0,02 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,03}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow x=2;y=3\)
-Vậy CTHH của oxit sắt là Fe2O3.
\(n_{H2}=\frac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(40n_{Ca}+137n_{Ba}=66,8\)
\(2n_{Ca}+2n_{Ba}=2n_{H2}=0,7.2=1,4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ca}=0,3\\n_{Ba}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Ca}=\frac{0,3.40}{66,8}.100\%=17,96\%\)
\(\%m_{Ba}=100\%-17,96\%=82,04\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{45,625}{36,5}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{11,76}{22,4}=0,525\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow xFe+yH_2O\)
0,7/y____0,7_______________
\(Fe_xO_y+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1/y____0,2_______________
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,525__1,05______________0,525
\(n_{FexOy.ban.dau}=\frac{0,7}{y}+\frac{0,1}{y}=\frac{0,8}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{FexOy}=\frac{46,4}{\frac{0,8}{y}}\)
\(\Rightarrow56x+16y=58y\)
\(\Rightarrow56x=42y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{42}{56}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy CTHH của oxit là Fe3O4