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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25
\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
nZn=0,2(mol)
a) PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
ta có: 0,5/1 > 0,2/1
=> Zn hết, H2SO4 dư, tính theo nZn
b) m(H2SO4 dư)= (0,5-0,2).98=29,4(g)
c) nH2= nZn=0,2(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5.15\%=5,475\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{5,475}{36,5}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,025.24=0,6\left(g\right)\)
c, - Cách 1:
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,075.95=7,125\left(g\right)\)
- Cách 2:
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mMg (pư) + mHCl = mMgCl2 + mH2
⇒ mMgCl2 = 2,4 - 0,6 + 5,475 - 0,075.2 = 7,125 (g)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,01--->0,02---->0,01---->0,01
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01.136=1,36\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(l\right)\)
a)
\(Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)
b)
\(n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2(mol)\)
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1} = 0,2 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,15\) nên Zn dư.
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{Zn\ pư} = 0,5n_{HCl} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn\ dư} = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\ dư} = 0,05.65 = 3,25(gam)\)
c)
Ta có :
\(n_{H_2} = n_{Zn\ pư} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\a. 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,7}{6}\\ \Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,7-\dfrac{6}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
b,Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) ⇒ Al hết, H2SO4 dư
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4dư}=\left(0,3-0,15\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
d, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
nZn=m/M=9,75/65=0,15(mol)
=> mHCl=\(\dfrac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\dfrac{7,3.250}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\)
=> nHCl=m/M=0,5(mol)
PT:
Zn + 2HCl-> ZnCl2 + H2
1.............2.........1..............1 (mol)
0,15-> 0,3 -> 0,15 -> 0,15( mol)
Chất dư là HCl
=> Số mol HCl dư : 0,5 -0,3=0,2 (mol)
=> mHCl dư=n.M=0,2.36,5=7,3(gam)
b) Muối thu được là :ZnCl2
=> mZnCl2=n.M=0,15.(65+71)=20,4 (gam)
c) PT:
R2On + nH2 -> 2R + nH2O
1.................n..............2.........................n (mol)
(0,15/n)<-0,15 - > (0,3/n) -> 0,15 (mol)
Theo đề :
mR2On=8g
=> mR2On=n.M=(0,15/n).(2R+16n)
<=> 8 = \(\dfrac{0,3.R}{n}+2,4\)
=> \(\dfrac{0,3.R}{n}=5,6\)
<=> \(0,3.R=5,6.n\)
=> \(\dfrac{n}{R}=\dfrac{0,3}{5,6}=\dfrac{3}{56}\)
=> n=3
R=56
Vậy kim loại cần tìm là :Fe
Bài 2: nAl=m/M=5,4/27=0,2 ( mol)
VH2SO4=250ml=0,25(lít)
=> nH2SO4=CM.V=2.0,25=0,5(mol)
PT:
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2\(\uparrow\)
2..............3.................1.....................3 (mol)
0,2 -> 0,3 ->0,1 -> 0,3 (mol)
Chất dư là H2SO4
Số mol H2SO4 dư là : 0,5-0,3=0,2 (mol)
=> mH2SO4 dư=n.M=0,2.98=19,6 (g)
- Muối tạo thành là: Al2(SO4)3
=> mAl2(SO4)3=n.M=0,1.342=34,2(gam)