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Mình áp dụng luôn Cô - si cho các số ta được
a) \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{18}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{2}\cdot\frac{18}{x}}=2.\sqrt{9}=2.3=6\)
b) \(y=\frac{x}{2}+\frac{2}{x-1}=\frac{x-1}{2}+\frac{2}{x-1}+\frac{1}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{x-1}}+\frac{1}{2}=2+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)
c) \(\frac{3x}{2}+\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{2}+\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{x+1}}-\frac{3}{2}=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{-3+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
h) \(x^2+\frac{2}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{x^2\cdot\frac{2}{x^2}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
g) \(\frac{x^2+4x+4}{x}=\frac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x}\ge0\)
Từ bđt Cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) ta suy ra được \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán của bạn :
a/ \(y=\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)\le\frac{\left(x+3+5-x\right)^2}{4}=...............\)
b/ Tương tự
c/ \(y=\left(x+3\right)\left(5-2x\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2x+6\right)\left(5-2x\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(2x+6+5-2x\right)^2}{4}=.............\)
d/ Tương tự
e/ \(y=\left(6x+3\right)\left(5-2x\right)=3\left(2x+1\right)\left(5-2x\right)\le3.\frac{\left(2x+1+5-2x\right)^2}{4}=.......\)
f/ Xét \(\frac{1}{y}=\frac{x^2+2}{x}=x+\frac{2}{x}\ge2\sqrt{x.\frac{2}{x}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Suy ra \(y\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
..........................
g/ Đặt \(t=x^2\) , \(t>0\) (Vì nếu t = 0 thì y = 0)
\(\frac{1}{y}=\frac{t^3+6t^2+12t+8}{t}=t^2+6t+\frac{8}{t}+12\)
\(=t^2+6t+\frac{8}{3t}+\frac{8}{3t}+\frac{8}{3t}+12\)
\(\ge5.\sqrt[5]{t^2.6t.\left(\frac{8}{3t}\right)^3}+12=.................\)
Từ đó đảo ngược y lại rồi đổi dấu \(\ge\) thành \(\le\)
\(y=\frac{x-1}{2}+\frac{2}{x-1}+\frac{1}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(x-1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{2}{x-1}\Rightarrow x=3\)
\(y=\frac{5\left(3x-1\right)}{9}+\frac{5}{3x-1}+\frac{5}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{25\left(3x-1\right)}{9\left(3x-1\right)}}+\frac{5}{9}=\frac{35}{9}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{4}{3}\)
\(y=-2+\frac{2}{1-x}+\frac{3}{x}\ge-2+\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{1-x+x}=3+2\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{1-x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow x=3-\sqrt{6}\)
\(y=x+\frac{9}{x}+2020\ge2\sqrt{\frac{9x}{x}}+2020=2026\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=3\)
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
a/ \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{18}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{2}.\frac{18}{x}}=...\)
b/ \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{2}{x-1}=\frac{x-1}{2}+\frac{2}{x-1}+\frac{1}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{2}.\frac{2}{x-1}}+\frac{1}{2}=...\)
c/ \(\frac{3x}{2}+\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{2}+\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{2}.\frac{1}{x+1}}-\frac{3}{2}=...\)
d/ \(\frac{x}{3}+\frac{5}{2x-1}=\frac{2x-1}{6}+\frac{5}{2x-1}+\frac{1}{6}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2x-1}{6}.\frac{5}{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{6}=...\)
e/ \(\frac{x}{1-x}+\frac{5}{x}=\frac{x}{1-x}+\frac{5-5x+5x}{x}=\frac{x}{1-x}+\frac{5\left(1-x\right)}{x}+5\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{1-x}.\frac{5\left(1-x\right)}{x}}+5=...\)
f/ \(\frac{x^3+1}{x^2}=x+\frac{1}{x^2}=\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{1}{x^2}}=...\)
g/ \(\frac{x^2+4x+4}{x}=x+\frac{4}{x}+4\ge2\sqrt{x.\frac{4}{x}}+4=...\)