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1. *ABCD2. *ABCD3. *ABCD4. Scott is _________to his teacher. *speakspeakingto speakspeaks5. Manchester City is _______ football team. *bestthe bestbetterbetter than6. It’s Family Fun Day at the school__________Saturday. *inatonto7. This bird can’t fly, but it can run very fast. It’s _________. *eaglebutterflyostrichoctopus8. Blobfish is the __________animal in the world. *uglyugliermost uglyugliest9. A lot of people have a ______ in their home. *snakebatcatbear10. Can I go there on Saturday,...
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1. *

Hình ảnh không có chú thích

A

B

C

D

2. *

Hình ảnh không có chú thích

A

B

C

D

3. *

Hình ảnh không có chú thích

A

B

C

D

4. Scott is _________to his teacher. *

speak

speaking

to speak

speaks

5. Manchester City is _______ football team. *

best

the best

better

better than

6. It’s Family Fun Day at the school__________Saturday. *

in

at

on

to

7. This bird can’t fly, but it can run very fast. It’s _________. *

eagle

butterfly

ostrich

octopus

8. Blobfish is the __________animal in the world. *

ugly

uglier

most ugly

ugliest

9. A lot of people have a ______ in their home. *

snake

bat

cat

bear

10. Can I go there on Saturday, then? - __________. *

Yes, of course

Thank you

Yes, can you

You're welcome

11. Camels don’t need to ________ a lot of water. *

drink

climb

move

hear

12. She lives next to her school, so she _________goes to school late. *

usually

always

often

never

13. All mammals are warm blooded_________ they feed their baby milk. *

and

but

so

or

14. What does the sign mean? *

Hình ảnh không có chú thích

Don’t listen to music

Don’t use mobile phones

Don’t leave the message

Don’t take the message

15. You can find ______________on the website of the Philippine Eagle Foundation ( inform) *

16. There are a lot of _______________in the street on New Year Eve.( fire) *

17. Butterflies are the most __________________ creatures in the world. (color) *

18. Animals are all _______________. (amaze) 

19. Let’s play a game. -> What about __________________________________? *

The butterfly is beautiful. -> It’s a ____________________________________. *

 

0
4. Scott is _________to his teacher. speakspeakingto speakspeaks5. Manchester City is _______ football team. *bestthe bestbetterbetter than6. It’s Family Fun Day at the school__________Saturday. *inatonto7. This bird can’t fly, but it can run very fast. It’s _________. *eaglebutterflyostrichoctopus8. Blobfish is the __________animal in the world. *uglyugliermost uglyugliest9. A lot of people have a ______ in their home. *snakebatcatbear10. Can I go there on Saturday, then? - __________. *Yes,...
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4. Scott is _________to his teacher. 

speak

speaking

to speak

speaks

5. Manchester City is _______ football team. *

best

the best

better

better than

6. It’s Family Fun Day at the school__________Saturday. *

in

at

on

to

7. This bird can’t fly, but it can run very fast. It’s _________. *

eagle

butterfly

ostrich

octopus

8. Blobfish is the __________animal in the world. *

ugly

uglier

most ugly

ugliest

9. A lot of people have a ______ in their home. *

snake

bat

cat

bear

10. Can I go there on Saturday, then? - __________. *

Yes, of course

Thank you

Yes, can you

You're welcome

11. Camels don’t need to ________ a lot of water. *

drink

climb

move

hear

12. She lives next to her school, so she _________goes to school late. *

usually

always

often

never

13. All mammals are warm blooded_________ they feed their baby milk. *

and

but

so

or

14. What does the sign mean? *

Hình ảnh không có chú thích

Don’t listen to music

Don’t use mobile phones

Don’t leave the message

Don’t take the message

3
8 tháng 1 2022

speaking

5 the best

6on

7ostrich

8ugliest

9 cat

10 you're welcome

11drink

12never

13and

14Don’t use mobile phones

8 tháng 1 2022

15. You can find informations on the website of the Philippine Eagle Foundation ( inform) *

16. There are a lot of fireworks in the street on New Year Eve.( fire) *

17. Butterflies are the most colorful creatures in the world. (color) 

18. Animals are all amazing. (amaze) *

ko thấy lạ shao:vv?

Read the text and choose the best answer: Home school : a good thing or a bad thing ? Some children don't go to school. Well, they don't learn in a classroom with a lof of other children ; they stay at home and study with their mum or dad. Thay don't learn at home because they have to , but because some parents think their children don't learn enough at normal schools. ' School isn't good for my son ' , says Miranda Peeler, who teachers her son, Ben,at home. ' Ben doesn't work in class ' ....
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Read the text and choose the best answer:

Home school : a good thing or a bad thing ?

Some children don't go to school. Well, they don't learn in a classroom with a lof of other children ; they stay at home and study with their mum or dad. Thay don't learn at home because they have to , but because some parents think their children don't learn enough at normal schools.

' School isn't good for my son ' , says Miranda Peeler, who teachers her son, Ben,at home. ' Ben doesn't work in class ' . He play with his friends all the time and he doesn't listen to the teacher . There are 30 children in his class, and it's difficult for the teacher to teach ALL of them. Now T teach him at home . He learn all the important subjects and he does a lot of work. He has to ; he's the only one in the class! We study on the computer too. At school there is only one computer for all the children in the class. Ben like home school . He's a clever boy and he wants to learn . Here he can do that. Brenda Masters is a teacher. She doen's think it's a good idea.' Yes, children learn a lot at home school. But they don't play with their friends. They don't learn how to work in a group. Work is important but play is important too. Friends are important. Sport is important. School is important.

1. A lot of children study at home because:

A. their parents want to teach them at home .

B. the teacher don't want the children at school.

2. Ben's mother think :

A. Ben doesn't study important subjects at school.

B. the classes are verry big.

3. At Ben's school :

A. There are some computers.

B. The children don't use computer.

4. Brenda think :

A. parents are's good teacher.

B.Children have to work and play.

5. Brenda thinks that home school is :

A. a good thing.

B. a bad thing.

1
7 tháng 11 2017

Read the text and choose the best answer:

Home school : a good thing or a bad thing ?

Some children don't go to school. Well, they don't learn in a classroom with a lof of other children ; they stay at home and study with their mum or dad. Thay don't learn at home because they have to , but because some parents think their children don't learn enough at normal schools.

' School isn't good for my son ' , says Miranda Peeler, who teachers her son, Ben,at home. ' Ben doesn't work in class ' . He play with his friends all the time and he doesn't listen to the teacher . There are 30 children in his class, and it's difficult for the teacher to teach ALL of them. Now T teach him at home . He learn all the important subjects and he does a lot of work. He has to ; he's the only one in the class! We study on the computer too. At school there is only one computer for all the children in the class. Ben like home school . He's a clever boy and he wants to learn . Here he can do that. Brenda Masters is a teacher. She doen's think it's a good idea.' Yes, children learn a lot at home school. But they don't play with their friends. They don't learn how to work in a group. Work is important but play is important too. Friends are important. Sport is important. School is important.

1. A lot of children study at home because:

A. their parents want to teach them at home .

B. the teacher don't want the children at school.

2. Ben's mother think :

A. Ben doesn't study important subjects at school.

B. the classes are verry big.

3. At Ben's school :

A. There are some computers.

B. The children don't use computer.

=> THERE IS ONLY ONE COMPUTER FOR ALL OF THE STUDENTS.

4. Brenda think :

A. parents are's good teacher.

B.Children have to work and play.

5. Brenda thinks that home school is :

A. a good thing.

B. a bad thing.

VII. Choose the best option to comptele the sentences:1. I and Ba …….. in grade 6 at Nguyen Du School. ( studies / study / studys /isstudying)2.This is my mother………. is a teacher. (He / She / They /We)3…………father is a doctor. (He / His /We /They)4.Mrs. Lam washes………… face. ( her / his / my / their)5.They live …………a small room ……..the second floor. ( on _ at / in_ at / in _ on /on_on)6…………… is that? _ That’s Miss Thoa. ( What / Who / Where...
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VII. Choose the best option to comptele the sentences:
1. I and Ba …….. in grade 6 at Nguyen Du School. ( studies / study / studys /is
studying)
2.This is my mother………. is a teacher. (He / She / They /We)
3…………father is a doctor. (He / His /We /They)
4.Mrs. Lam washes………… face. ( her / his / my / their)
5.They live …………a small room ……..the second floor. ( on _ at / in_ at / in _ on /on
_on)
6…………… is that? _ That’s Miss Thoa. ( What / Who / Where /How)
7.Our house …………. a big garden. ( have /has / are / is)
8………chairs are there in the living room?_ There are three. (How many /How old / What / How)
9. He is an …………….. ( doctor / teacher / student /engineer)
10.Where is your school? It is ……….the hospital (between / near /next to/next )
11.What are ……….? ~ They are flowers. ( this /that /these / there)
12.There is a well in front ………… the house. (from/ to/ of / on )
13.We live ……….. a house near the sea. ( in / on / at / from )
14.…… the right of her house, there are beautiful flowers. ( In / At/
From / To )
15.………... is his house? ~ It’s on Nguyen Trai Street. ( What /
Where / When / How )
16.……….. is that? ~ It’s a rice paddy. ( What / Where / Who /. Which )
17.Minh lives in the city …… his father, mother and sister. (and / with
/ . near / but )
18.The restaurant is ………… the drugstore. ( next / near to /opposite / behind of )
19.There are a lot of books in a ………… (factory / bookstore / stadium / bakery
)
20.Minh’s father is an engineer. He works in a ………… ( drugstore
/ restaurant / school / factory )

1
19 tháng 2 2021

Chào em, em tham khảo nhé!

1. I and Ba …….. in grade 6 at Nguyen Du School. ( studies / study / studys /is studying)

2.This is my mother………. is a teacher. (He / She / They /We)

3…………father is a doctor. (He / His /We /They)

4.Mrs. Lam washes………… face. ( her / his / my / their)

5.They live …………a small room ……..the second floor. ( on _ at / in_ at / in _ on /on_on)

6…………… is that? _ That’s Miss Thoa. ( What / Who / Where /How)

7.Our house …………. a big garden. ( have /has / are / is)

8………chairs are there in the living room?_ There are three. (How many /How old / What / How)

9. He is an …………….. (doctor/teacher/student/engineer)

10.Where is your school? It is ……….the hospital (between / near /next to/next )

11.What are ……….? ~ They are flowers. ( this /that /these / there)

12. There is a well in front ………… the house. (from/ to/ of / on )

13.We live ……….. a house near the sea. ( in / on / at / from )

14.…… the right of her house, there are beautiful flowers. ( In / At/From / To )

15.………... is his house? ~ It’s on Nguyen Trai Street. ( What /Where / When / How )

16.……….. is that? ~ It’s a rice paddy. ( What / Where / Who /. Which )

17.Minh lives in the city …… his father, mother and sister. (and / with/ . near / but )

18.The restaurant is ………… the drugstore. ( next / near to /opposite / behind of )

19.There are a lot of books in a ………… (factory / bookstore / stadium / bakery)

20.Minh’s father is an engineer. He works in a ………… ( drugstore/ restaurant / school / factory )

Chúc em học tốt và có những trải nghiệm tuyệt vời tại olm.vn!

tìm và sửa lỗi sai : 1. There is lots of rain in our country. 2. There isn’t some water in the bottle.3. Mai and Hoa is collecting waste paper now.4. Nam usually have breakfast at half past six a.m.5. Mount Phanxipang is the higher mountain in Viet Nam.6. Lan and Hoa is from Viet Nam.7. You shouldn’tsave water and power. 8. You should turn on a dripping faucet. When you see it.9. How many fruit can the trees produce?10. The Da River is short than the Mekong River.11. These trees...
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tìm và sửa lỗi sai : 1. There is lots of rain in our country. 
2. There isn’t some water in the bottle.
3. Mai and Hoa is collecting waste paper now.
4. Nam usually have breakfast at half past six a.m.
5. Mount Phanxipang is the higher mountain in Viet Nam.
6. Lan and Hoa is from Viet Nam.
7. You shouldn’tsave water and power. 
8. You should turn on a dripping faucet. When you see it.
9. How many fruit can the trees produce?
10. The Da River is short than the Mekong River.
11. These trees produces much fruit
12. How much eggs do the chickens produce?
13. We are wasting too many power and water.
14. The cow can produce alots of milk.
15. You shouldn’t turn off a light when you don’t need it.
16. Don’t pick flowers in the park, please.
17. Why are the animals on danger?
18. The population of the world are growing.
19. David is going play badminton in the afternoon.
20. Nam likes swim very much.
21. How often do Chi go to the movies?
22. We are going to visit to Da Lat in our summer vacation.
23. When the weather are cool. I sometimes go sailing.
24. It is cold on the winter. Giaoandethitienganh.info
25. She likes warm weather.
26. What weather does Lan likes?
27. What do you when it hot?
28. Mai and Chi plays volleyball in spring.
29. When it’s cold. I not go swimming.
30. Do you goes jogging in the fail?
31. Where it’s warm, he goes fishing.
32. I have a long hair.
33. I feel hungry so I’d like a cup of tea.
34. Mr.Ba is a wieght lifter so he is very weak.
35. How much bananas do you want?

2

36. I need half a kilo meat. 
37. There are any apples on the table.
38. I need a bottles of cooking oil.
39. We need a kilo rice.
40. I wants a can of peas.
41. Hoa needs two bar of soap.
42. How many beef do you want?
43. Lan has much chocolates.
44. I’d like half dozen eggs.
45. This you are………
46. How many is the tube of toothpaste?
47. A chicken is my favourite food.
48. There are fish and vegetables in our dinner.
49. Is there any apples for their lunch?
50. Lan is thirsty so she like some orange juice.
51. There aren’t somen apples on the table.
52. Phuong and Mai likes fish and meat.
53. There isn’t any bananas on the plate.
54. Hoa’s favourite food is a chicken.
55. Huong and Dung’s favorite drink are iced tea and milk.
56. Chi is a gymnast but she is strong.
57. hung has long legs so he can’t run fast.
58. I am weak so I musn’t play sports.
59. Mr.Hai is fat and light.
60. She has a small mouth wthi orange teeth.
61. Lan is tall and Hoa is short, too.
62. Her eyes are green.
63. Mai is big but strong.
64. Hoa and Mai is in class 7A.
65. Phuong go to school by bike.
66. My brother are doing his homework now.
67. I has breakfast at half past six.
68. Chi lives at Tran Binh Trong street.
69. There are a hotel and a restaurant on the right of the movietheate.
70. My house is between those four house.
71. My teacher are going by motorbike.
72. There is an intersection ahead so we must go fast.
73. The sign says:” Go ahead” so you can’t go straight ahead.
74. Phong’s school is the smallest than our school.
75. How many milk would you like?
76. We are pollute the land, the river and the ocecens.
77. Is there any eggs in the fridge?
78. She needs some coffee and a little biscuits.

3
79. I’m the younger person in my family.
80. My brother is busyer then I am.
81. Mary is taller that her sister.
82. Zhang is from China. She speaks China.
83. We have a holiday in May 1th.
84. my father is free in 4 o’clock.
85. Let’s going to the zoo this Sunday.

Mình đang cần cực kì gấp cb giúp mình vs

3
17 tháng 3 2020

1. There is lots of rain in our country.  => are 
2. There isn’t some water in the bottle. => any
3. Mai and Hoa is collecting waste paper now. => are
4. Nam usually have breakfast at half past six a.m.  => has
5. Mount Phanxipang is the higher mountain in Viet Nam.  => highest
6. Lan and Hoa is from Viet Nam.  => are
7. You shouldn’t save water and power.   => should
8. You should turn on a dripping faucet. When you see it.    => off
9. How many fruit can the trees produce?  => much
10. The Da River is short than the Mekong River. => shorter
11. These trees produces much fruit  => produce
12. How much eggs do the chickens produce? => many
13. We are wasting too many power and water. => much
 

17 tháng 3 2020

1. There is lots of rain in our country. => litte.
2. There isn’t some water in the bottle.=> is.
3. Mai and Hoa is collecting waste paper now.=>are.
4. Nam usually have breakfast at half past six a.m.=> has.
5. Mount Phanxipang is the higher mountain in Viet Nam.=> highest.
6. Lan and Hoa is from Viet Nam.=> are
7. You shouldn’t save water and power. => should
8. You should turn on a dripping faucet. When you see it.=> off
9. How many fruit can the trees produce?=> much
10. The Da River is short than the Mekong River.=> shorter
11. These trees produces much fruit. => produce
12. How much eggs do the chickens produce?=> many
13. We are wasting too many power and water.=> much
14. The cow can produce a lots of milk.=> lot
15. You shouldn’t turn off a light when you don’t need it.=> should
16. Don’t pick flowers in the park, please.
17. Why are the animals on danger?=>in
18. The population of the world are growing.=>is
19. David is going play badminton in the afternoon.=>goes
20. Nam s swim very much.=>swimming 
21. How often do Chi go to the movies?=> does
22. We are going to visit to Da Lat in our summer vacation.=>bỏ
23. When the weather are cool. I sometimes go sailing.=>went
24. It is cold on the winter. Giaoandethitienganh.info=>in
 

Dịch bài văn sau sang tiếng Việt giúp mk nha:I cannot imagine living my life without my family by my side. Family is very important and valuable to me and is something that should never be taken for granted. Without my family, a large part of my life and culture would be missing.Whether it’s my grandparent, my two sisters, my mom, or my dad, I know I can always count on someone to help me feel better. In fact, I think that this is probably the most important thing that my family has...
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Dịch bài văn sau sang tiếng Việt giúp mk nha:

I cannot imagine living my life without my family by my side. Family is very important and valuable to me and is something that should never be taken for granted. Without my family, a large part of my life and culture would be missing.

Whether it’s my grandparent, my two sisters, my mom, or my dad, I know I can always count on someone to help me feel better. In fact, I think that this is probably the most important thing that my family has taught me; a family is made up of people who you can trust and who you can count on.

Too many times today, we read in the papers about families where parents abuse their children, verbally and physically. What these parents don’t realize is that they are either beginning or involving themselves in a vicious circle of hate in families. When parents abuse their children, they are telling their children that that is the way to raise children, and this is what their children learn. I was lucky, I have learned differently, because my family cares about me, and I care about them.

In this world of doubt, insecurity, and fear, my family is always there for me, holding their arms open to me with love. On the first day of first grade, I didn’t want to go to school, I had butterflies in my stomach and I found it difficult to walk because I was so nervous. The only reason that I finally went into the classroom is because my mom walked in with me, and promised me that as soon as school was out, she’d be there waiting for me, ready to bring me back to where I felt most comfortable, my family.

Luckily, I’m a little more grown up now; I can go into school by myself, and in a couple of years, when I go away to college, I’ll really have to go to school by myself. There will be no one who I will know at college. Of course I know I’ll make friends, but none of them will mean as much to me as my family does…..

Ai nhanh mk tk cho

6

 Bài làm

Tôi không thể tưởng tượng sống cuộc sống của tôi mà không có gia đình của tôi bên cạnh tôi. Gia đình là rất quan trọng và có giá trị đối với tôi và là một cái gì đó mà không bao giờ nên được đưa cho các cấp. Không có gia đình tôi, một phần lớn cuộc sống và văn hóa của tôi sẽ bị mất tích. Cho dù đó là ông bà của tôi, hai chị em của tôi, mẹ tôi, hoặc bố tôi, tôi biết tôi luôn có thể dựa vào một ai đó để giúp tôi cảm thấy tốt hơn. Trong thực tế, tôi nghĩ rằng đây có lẽ là điều quan trọng nhất mà gia đình tôi đã dạy tôi; một gia đình được tạo thành từ những người bạn có thể tin tưởng và bạn có thể tin tưởng ai. Quá nhiều lần ngày hôm nay, chúng tôi đọc trong các bài báo về các gia đình mà cha mẹ lạm dụng con cái của họ, bằng lời nói và thể chất. Điều mà những bậc cha mẹ này không nhận ra là họ bắt đầu hoặc liên quan đến bản thân trong một vòng luẩn quẩn của sự thù hận trong gia đình. Khi cha mẹ lạm dụng con cái của họ, họ đang nói với con cái của họ rằng đó là cách để nuôi dạy trẻ em, và đây là những gì con cái của họ học. Tôi đã may mắn, tôi đã học được một cách khác nhau, bởi vì gia đình tôi quan tâm đến tôi, và tôi quan tâm đến họ. Trong thế giới hoài nghi này, bất an, và sợ hãi, gia đình tôi luôn ở đó cho tôi, nắm lấy cánh tay của họ mở ra cho tôi với tình yêu. Vào ngày đầu tiên của lớp một, tôi không muốn đi học, tôi đã có những con bướm trong dạ dày của tôi và tôi thấy khó đi lại vì tôi rất lo lắng. Lý do duy nhất mà tôi cuối cùng vào lớp là vì mẹ tôi đi cùng tôi, và hứa với tôi rằng ngay sau khi tan học, cô ấy sẽ đợi tôi, sẵn sàng đưa tôi trở lại nơi tôi cảm thấy thoải mái nhất , gia đình tôi. May mắn thay, bây giờ tôi đã trưởng thành hơn một chút; Tôi có thể đi học một mình, và trong một vài năm, khi tôi đi học đại học, tôi sẽ thực sự phải đi học một mình. Sẽ không có ai mà tôi biết ở đại học. Tất nhiên tôi biết tôi sẽ kết bạn, nhưng không ai trong số họ có ý nghĩa nhiều với tôi như gia đình tôi… ..

12 tháng 9 2018

Cảm ơn bạn nghen!!!

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

III. Give correct tenses of the verbs in the parentheses.1. Where are your brothers? - They (study) in the library.2. Minh usually (play) volleyball after school .3. Children shouldn‟t (stay) up late.4. I (do) my exercise now,but I can come and help you later.1. Where............ you (live)............ ? - I live in Hanoi.2. Mai often (go)........................ for picnic on the weekend.3. Would you like (drink)........................ milk ?4. Hoa often goes home on foot but today She...
Đọc tiếp

III. Give correct tenses of the verbs in the parentheses.
1. Where are your brothers? - They (study) in the library.
2. Minh usually (play) volleyball after school .
3. Children shouldn‟t (stay) up late.
4. I (do) my exercise now,but I can come and help you later.
1. Where............ you (live)............ ? - I live in Hanoi.
2. Mai often (go)........................ for picnic on the weekend.
3. Would you like (drink)........................ milk ?
4. Hoa often goes home on foot but today She (drive)........................ her bike
1. Minh (live)________________ in a house in the countryside.
2. __________Your house (have)________________ an attic? - Yes, it does.
3. Where are you, Hai? – I’m downstairs. I (listen )________________to music.
4. My close friend is ready (share)________________ things with her classmates.
5. This Saturday, we (go)________________ to the Art Museum.
Question I: Choose the correct word A, B or C to fill each blank in the following passage.
It’s Christmas Day now. Mr. and Mrs. Brown (1)...... some presents for the family and their
friends. They have got a new TV set (2)......... .......some records for dancing. Mr. and Mrs. Green
live in Scotland and they are staying (3)...... ......... the Browns in London at Christmas. Mr.
Green is decorating the Christmas tree in the (4)...... ..................... Mrs. Green is putting some
Christmas cards and colourful lights on it. All people (5)......... ........very happy.
1. A, buys B, are buying C, buy D,bought
2. A, and B, but C, so D, or
3. A, of B, next to C, with D,behind
4. A, living room B, bedroom C, bathroom D, kitchen
5. A, is B, am C, are D,have

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