Bài 3 : Chứng minh các đẳng thức sau
a) ( x+y)( x3- x2y + xy2 + y3 ) = x4 + y4
b ) ( x-y ) (x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 ) = x4 - y4
c) ( x + y ) (x4 - x3y + x2y2 - xy3 + y4 ) = x5 + y5
d) ( x-y ) ( x4 + x3y + x2y2 + xy3 + y4 ) = x5 - y5
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left(x-y\right)\left(x^4+x^3y+x^2y^2+xy^3+y^4\right)=x^5-y^5\)
Ta có VT:
\(\left(x-y\right)\left(x^4+x^3y+x^2y^2+xy^3+y^4\right)\)
\(=x.x^4+x.x^3y+x.x^2y^2+x.xy^3+x.y^4-y.x^4-y.x^3y-y.x^2y^2-y.xy^3-y.y^4\)
\(=x^5+x^4y+x^3y^2+x^2y^3+xy^4-x^4y-x^3y^2-x^2y^3-xy^4-y^5\)
\(=x^5-y^5\)
VT=VP
Vậy:...
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Thực hiện phép nhân đa thức với đa thức ở vế trái
=> VT = VP (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) (x-y)(x4+x3y+x2y2+xy3+y4) = x(x4+x3y+x2y2+xy3+y4)-y(x4+x3y+x2y2+xy3+y4) =(x5+x4y+x3y2+x2y2+xy4)-(x4y+x3y2+x2y2+xy4+y5) = x5+x4y+x3y2+x2y2+xy4-x4y-x3y2-x2y2-xy4-y5 =x5-y5⇒Điều cần chứng minh
Các câu b d tương tự
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2+2xy+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\forall x,y>0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(=x^3\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
b) \(=xy\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-1\right)\)
c) Đổi đề: \(a^2x+a^2y-7x-7y\)
\(=a^2\left(x+y\right)-7\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(a^2-7\right)\)
d) \(=x^2\left(a-b\right)+y\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(x^2+y\right)\)
e) \(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
g) \(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
h) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y+1\right)\)
i) \(=\left(x+1\right)^2-4=\left(x+1-2\right)\left(x+1+2\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
a\(x^3\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)\)
b)\(=xy\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(xy-1\right)\)
d)\(=a\left(x^2+y\right)-b\left(x^2+y\right)=\left(x^2+y\right)\left(x-b\right)\)
e)\(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
g)\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
h)\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
i)\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-4=\left(x-1-2\right)\left(x-1+2\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với x ≥ 0; y ≥ 0 thì x + y ≥ 0
Ta có: x3 + y3 ≥ x2y + xy2
⇔ (x3 + y3) – (x2y + xy2) ≥ 0
⇔ (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2) – xy(x + y) ≥ 0
⇔ (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2 – xy) ≥ 0
⇔ (x + y)(x2 – 2xy + y2) ≥ 0
⇔ (x + y)(x – y)2 ≥ 0 (Luôn đúng vì x + y ≥ 0 ; (x – y)2 ≥ 0)
Dấu « = » xảy ra khi (x – y)2 = 0 ⇔ x = y.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: VT = ( x 3 + x 2 y + x y 2 + y 3 )(x - y)
= ( x- y). ( x 3 + x 2 y + x y 2 + y 3 ).
= x. ( x 3 + x 2 y + x y 2 + y 3 ) - y( x 3 + x 2 y + x y 2 + y 3 )
= x 4 + x 3 y + x 2 y 2 + x y 3 – x 3 y – x 2 y 2 – x y 3 – y 4
= x 4 – y 4 = VP (đpcm)
Vế trái bằng vế phải nên đẳng thức được chứng minh.