So sánh \(M=\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{100!}\) với 2
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
..............
\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
=> S < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
S < \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(S< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\)(do 1/100 >0)
ĐPcm
Giải:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{99^2}=\dfrac{1}{99.99}< \dfrac{1}{98.99}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}=\dfrac{1}{100.100}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98.99}+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1\)
Vậy S < 1.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}};\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}};...;\frac{1}{\sqrt{9}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}};\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\)
=>M>10
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{1}{99!}+\frac{1}{100!}\)
\(A< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{98.99}+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 2-\frac{1}{100}< 2\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{1}{99!}+\frac{1}{100!}\)
\(A< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{98.99}+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{98}-\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 2-\frac{1}{100}< 2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
122 =14
132 <12.3
.............
11002 <199.100
⇒A<14 +12.3 +....+199.100
⇒A<14 +12 −13 +...+199 −1100
⇒A<14 +12 −1100
⇒A<14 <34
\(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
\(A>\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{100\cdot101}\)
\(A>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(A>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{101}=\frac{99}{202}>\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{2}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{100}}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}-\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(B=\frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
+ Xét : \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{100^2}< \frac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{100}< 2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< B< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(M=\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{100!}\Rightarrow M-1=\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{100!}