cho 5,4g nhôm vào 100g dung dịch hcl
a,tính thể tích khí thu được
b,tính khối lượng muối khan thu được
c,tính nồng độ phần trăm của muối
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n Zn= 19,5/65=0,3 (mol).
PTPƯ: Zn(0.3) + HCl(0.6) ----> ZnCl2(0.3) + H2(0,3)
mHCl=0,6.36.5=21.9(g)
a) C%HCl= 21.9/300.100%=7,3%
b) VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)
c) mH2=0,3.2=0,6(g)
mZnCl2=0,3.136=40,8(g)
mddZnCl2 =(19,5+300)-0,6=318,9(g)
C%=mZnCl2/mddZnCl2.100= 40,8/318,9.100=12,793%
\(a.n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{17,4}{58}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\\b. n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.85=25,5\left(g\right)\\c.CM_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M \)
a) $Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
b) Theo PTHH :
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)$
c)
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$
d)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
nMg = 4,8 : 24 = 0,2 mol
a) Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng => nH2SO4 phản ứng = nMgSO4 = nH2 = 0,2 mol
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 lít.
b)
mH2SO4 phản ứng = 0,2.98 = 19,6 gam
=> C% H2SO4 = \(\dfrac{19,6}{300}.100\text{%}\) = 6,53%
c) mMgSO4 = 0,2.120 = 24 gam.
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{294\cdot10\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\\n_{H_2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,225\cdot22,4=5,04\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\cdot342=25,65\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,075\cdot98=7,35\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,225\cdot2=0,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=297,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{25,65}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,62\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,35}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nNa2CO3 = 10,6 / 106 = 0,1 (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH -> 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1
mdd CH3COOH = 0,2 * 60 / 5 * 100 = 240 (gam)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
0,1 0,1
mCaCO3 = 0,1 * 100 = 10 (gam)
mdd = 240 + 10,6 - 0,1 * 44 = 246,2 (gam)
C% = 82 * 0,2 / 246,2 * 100% = 6,66%
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH ---> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,1---------->0,2----------------->0,2--------------->0,1
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O
0,1------------------------->0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{5\%}=240\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=10,6+240-0,1.44=246,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{CH_3COONa}=\dfrac{82.0,2}{246,2}.100\%=6,66\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
b)\(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2\cdot161=32,2g\)
\(m_{ddZnSO_4}=30+200-0,2\cdot2=229,6g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{32,2}{229,6}\cdot100\%=14,02\%\)
c)\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
0,3 0,2 0,2
\(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8g\)
nZn=1365=0,2molnZn=1365=0,2mol
Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2Zn+H2SO4→ZnSO4+H2
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
a)VH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48lVH2=0,2⋅22,4=4,48l
b)mH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6gmH2SO4=0,2⋅98=19,6g
C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%
c)nCuO=2480=0,3molnCuO=2480=0,3mol
CuO+H2→Cu+H2OCuO+H2→Cu+H2O
0,3 0,2 0,2
mrắn=mCu=0,2⋅64=12,8g.
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b.n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{ddsau}=4,8+200-0,2.2=204,4\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{204,4}.100\approx9,295\%\\ d.V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{200}{1,05}=\dfrac{4000}{21}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{4}{21}\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{\dfrac{4}{21}}=2,1\left(M\right)\)
a) nAl=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
0,2________0,6______0,2___0,3(mol)
V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
b) m(muối)=mAlCl3=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)
c) mddAlCl3=5,4+100-0,3.2=104,8(g)
=>C%ddAlCl3=(26,7/104,8).100=25,477%
a) n Al = 5,4/27 = 0,2(mol)
2Al + 6HCl $\to$ 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH :
n H2 = 3/2 n Al = 0,3(mol)
=> V H2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 lít
b) n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,2 mol
m AlCl3 = 0,2.133,5 = 26,7 gam
m dd sau pư = 5,4 + 100 -0,3.2 = 104,8 gam
=> C% AlCl3 = 26,7/104,8 .100% = 25,48%