Cho day phan so B=1/2+1/22+1/23+...+1/22016.Chung to rang B<1.
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{80}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}\)
\(2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{80}\)
\(A=2^{81}-1\)
Nên A + 1 là:
\(A+1=2^{81}-1+1=2^{81}\)
b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\)
\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{99}\)
\(2B=3^{100}-1\)
Nên 2B + 1 là:
\(2B+1=3^{100}-1+1=3^{100}\)
2)
a) \(2^x\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\right)+1=2^{2016}\)
Gọi:
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)
\(A=2^{2016}-1\)
Ta có:
\(2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)+1=2^{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{2^{2016}-1}{2^{2016}-1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)
b) \(8^x-1=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
Gọi: \(B=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
\(2B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)
\(B=2^{2016}-1\)
Ta có:
\(8^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2^3\right)^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}=2^{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x=2016\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2016}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=672\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, 2.(x – 5)+7 = 77
<=> 2.(x – 5) = 70 <=> x – 5 = 35 <=> x = 40
b, x - 1 3 - 3 5 : 3 4 + 2 . 2 3 = 14
<=> x - 1 3 - 3 + 2 4 = 14
<=> x - 1 3 = 14 + 3 - 16 = 1
<=> x – 1 = 1 <=> x = 2
c, 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1
Đặt: A = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 => 2A = 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017
=> 2A – A = ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017 ) – ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 )
=> A = 2 2017 - 1
Ta có: 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1 => 2 2017 - 1 = 2 x - 1 - 1 => x = 2018
d, 5 2 x - 3 - 2 . 5 2 = 5 2 . 3
<=> 5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . 3 + 5 2 . 2
<=> 5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . ( 3 + 2 )
<=> 5 2 x - 3 = 5 3
<=> 2x – 3 = 3 => x = 3
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
B= 1/2 + 1/22+1/23+...+1/22016
2B= 1+1/2+1/22+...+1/22015
2B-B= (1+1/2+1/22+...+1/22015) - ( 1/2 + 1/22+1/23+...+1/22016)
B = 1 + 1/2 + 1/22 +... + 1/22015 - 1/2 - 1/22 - 1/23 - ... - 1/22016
B= 1 - 1/22016
Suy ra B<1