Trung hòa hoàn toàn dd acetic acid(CH3COOH) 0,5M bằng dd Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 20%.Sau phản ứng thu được dd A, Cô cạn dd A thì thu được 9,84g muối khan.Tính thể tích dd CH3COOH và khối lượng dd NaOH 20% đã dùng
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\(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH3OONa+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1
a) \(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{MCH3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(C_{MCH3COONa}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nNaOH = 0,2 . 2,5 = 0,5 (mol)
PTHH:
CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O
Mol: 0,5 <--- 0,5 ---> 0,5
VddCH3COOH = 0,5/2 = 0,25 (l)
VddCH3COONa = 0,25 + 0,2 = 0,45 (l)
CMddCH3COONa = 0,5/,045 = 1,11M
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4.1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2CO_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(HCl_{dư}+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}+n_{K_2CO_3}=x+y\left(mol\right)\) ⇒ x + y = 0,25 (1)
\(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-2x-2y\left(mol\right)\)
Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}+n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{KCl}=2n_{K_2CO_3}=2y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 58,5(0,6 - 2y) + 74,5.2y = 39,9 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.106}{0,1.106+0,15.138}.100\%\approx33,9\%\\\%m_{K_2CO_3}\approx66,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=0,15.0,2=0,03(mol)\\ PTHH:MgCl_2+2NaOH\to Mg(OH)_2\downarrow +2NaCl\\ a,n_{Mg(OH)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=m_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,03.58=1,74(g)\\ b,n_{NaOH}=2n_{MgCl_2}=0,06(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,3}=0,2M\\ c,PTHH:Mg(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{A}=m_{MgO}=0,03.40=1,2(g)\)
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$n_{H_3PO_4} = 0,2.1,5 = 0,3(mol)$
$n_{NaOH} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
Ta thấy : $1 < n_{NaOH} : n_{H_3PO_4} < 2$ nên sản phẩm gồm $NaH_2PO_4(a\ mol) ; Na_2HPO_4(b\ mol)$
$H_3PO_4 + NaOH \to NaH_2PO_4 + H_2O$
$H_3PO_4 + 2NaOH \to Na_2HPO_4 + 2H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{NaOH} = a + 2b = 0,4 ; n_{H_3PO_4} = a + b = 0,3$
Suy ra : a = 0,1 ; b = 0,1
$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,1.120 + 0,1.142 = 26,2(gam)$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
$n_{NaOH} = \dfrac{50.10\%}{40} = 0,125(mol)$
$CH_3COOH + NaOH \to CH_3COONa + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CH_3COOH} = n_{CH_3COONa} = n_{NaOH} = 0,125(mol)$
$m_{dd\ CH_3COOH} = \dfrac{0,125.60}{8\%} = 93,75(gam)$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = m_{dd\ CH_3COOH} + m_{dd\ NaOH} = 143,75(gam)$
$C\%_{CH_3COONa} = \dfrac{0,125.82}{143,75}.100\% = 7,13\%$
PT: \(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CH_3COONa}=\dfrac{9,84}{82}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=n_{NaOH}=n_{CH_3COONa}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,12.40=4,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{4,8}{20\%}=24\left(g\right)\)