Cho 3 số dương a, b, c thoả mãn: abc = 1
Tìm GTNN của \(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) suy ra \(xyz=1\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge x\\\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\\\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\end{matrix}\right.\).Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ồ sorry bạn nhiều, chỗ đấy bị lỗi kĩ thuật rồi, mình sửa lại nhé :
\(M\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Lại có : \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{a^3b^3c^3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Do đó : \(M\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}\) , \(\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
Ta thấy : \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo ta có :
\(M=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\) \(\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vâỵ \(M_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\) tại \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
ta có : \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\cdot\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)(1)
dùng Svaxo ta có (1) <=>\(\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}>=\frac{3a^2b^2c^2}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)(côsi )
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:
\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)
Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}\ge\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}+\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}+\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.\sqrt[3]{abc}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\) với ba số \(a,b,c\) và ba số dương \(x,y,z\) bất kỳ với chú ý rằng \(a^2b^2c^2=1\), ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{b^2c^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2a^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(x=ab;\) \(y=bc;\) và \(z=ca\) thì \(xyz=1\) \(\left(2\right)\) với \(x;\), \(y;\) và \(z\) \(>0\)
Khi đó áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho bộ ba số nguyên dương \(x;\), \(y;\) và \(z\), ta được:
\(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x+y+z\ge3\) (do \(\left(2\right)\)), tức \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(3\right)\) ta suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)
thông điệp nhỏ :
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM:
\(\frac{3}{2}\ge a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\) \(\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
\(1+1+1+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2b}\ge7\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16a^2b^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge7\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16a^2b^2}}\)
Tương tự ta CM được:
\(3+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge7\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16b^2c^2}}\)
\(3+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\ge7\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16c^2a^2}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức trên:
\(S\ge343\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{4096a^4b^4c^4}}\ge343\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{4096.\frac{1}{8^4}}}=343\)
\(\Rightarrow Min_S=343\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)