Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)+ ....+\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)> \(\sqrt{n}\)
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Lời giải:
Sửa đề: CMR:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-1\)
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Sử dụng PP liên hợp ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4})(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})}+....+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{4-3}+....+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{n-(n-1)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{1}=\sqrt{n}-1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{9}{4}\)
Câu 2/ Ta có:
\(n^{n+1}>\left(n+1\right)^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n>\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n\left(1\right)\)
Giờ ta chứng minh cái (1) đúng với mọi \(n\ge3\)
Với \(n=3\) thì dễ thấy (1) đúng.
Giả sử (1) đúng đến \(n=k\) hay
\(k>\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k\)
Ta cần chứng minh (1) đúng với \(n=k+1\)hay \(k+1>\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}< \left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^{k+1}=\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k.\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)
\(< k\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)=k+1\)
Vậy có ĐPCM
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) (pp trục căn thức ở mẫu)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n^2+2n+1-n^2-n\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng tính: \(S=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{400\sqrt{399}+399\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
Vậy S = 19/20
Xét số hạng tổng quát ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài tập, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
* t sẽ chứng minh đề thiếu điều kiện \(n>0\)
ĐKXĐ : \(n>0\) hoặc \(n< -1\)
+) Nếu \(n>0\) ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}=\frac{1}{\left|n\right|}=\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(............\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}>\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=n.\frac{1}{n}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< 1\)
+) Nếu \(n< -1\) ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}=\frac{1}{\left|n\right|}=\frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(............\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{-n}+\frac{1}{-n}+\frac{1}{-n}+...+\frac{1}{-n}\)
\(=n.\frac{1}{-n}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< -1\)
Vậy nếu \(n>0\) thì \(P< 1\) , nếu \(n< -1\) thì \(P< -1\)
hehe :))
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{n-1-n}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{-1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{n}}{-1}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{1}=\sqrt{n}-1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)(vì 1 < n) (1)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)(vì 2 < n) (2)
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\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)(n)
Cộng các vế trái với nhau,các vế phải với nhau,ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}.n\left(=\sqrt{n}\right)\)(từ 1 đến n có n số tự nhiên).Vậy ta có đpcm.
thank you bạn nha