cho a+b+c=5 a,b,c>0
tìm Min
P= căn(a+1) + căn(2b+1) + căn(3c+1)
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Ta có: \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+ab+\left(b^2+1\right)+b^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+ab+\left(b^2+1\right)+b^2\ge ab+2b+b^2\)
\(=b\left(a+b+2\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)(1)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+3c^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c\left(b+c+2\right)}}\)(2); \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+3a^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(c+a+2\right)}}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3) và sử dụng AM - GM kết hợp liên tục BĐT \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\), ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{b\left(a+b+2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c\left(b+c+2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(c+a+2\right)}}\)
\(=\Sigma\frac{2}{\sqrt{4b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)\(\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{a+b+2}\right)\)(AM - GM)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\text{}\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\text{}\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\right]\)
\(\le\frac{3}{4}+\text{}\left[\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\text{}\Sigma\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}+\text{}\left[\frac{3}{8}+\text{}\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]\le\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3}{8}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Dòng thứ 10 sửa lại cho mình là \(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\right]\)
Do olm có lỗi là mỗi lần bấm dấu ngoặc là số nó tự động nhảy ra ngoài
Ta có: a + b + c = 2 nên \(2c+ab=c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=\left(ca+c^2\right)+\left(bc+ab\right)=c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\)\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm:
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)(Vì a,b,c thực dương)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{2c+ab}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)(cmt)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{a+c}\right)\)(nhân 2 vế cho ab thực dương) (1)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{b+c}=\frac{1}{c+a}\Leftrightarrow b+c=c+a\Leftrightarrow a=b\))
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right)\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow b=c\)) (2)
\(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ca}{c+b}+\frac{ca}{b+a}\right)\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\)) (3)
Cộng các BĐT (1) , (2) , (3), ta được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{c+b}+\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{cb}{c+a}+\frac{ac}{b+a}+\frac{ac}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\frac{a\left(c+b\right)}{c+b}+\frac{c\left(b+a\right)}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Vậy \(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}\)\(+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\)\(+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b}}\le1\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\))
Ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{c+b}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
\(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b}}\le\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{b+a}\)
Khi đó:
\(P\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{c+b}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{b+a}\)
\(=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{b+a}\)
\(=a+b+c=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)