Tính theo phương trình hóa học 1. Tính thể tích khí O2 ( đktc) sinh ra khi nhiệt phân hoàn toàn KMnO4 trong các trường hợp sau : A. 47,4 gam KMnO4 B. 31,6 gam KMnO4 C. 39,5 gam KMnO4 2. Tính khối lượng KMnO4 cần dùng để điều chế A. 3,36 lít O2 ( đktc) B. 8,96 lít O2 ( đktc) C. 14,4 gam O2
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{MnO_2}=n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MnO_2}=0,1\cdot87=8,7\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05\cdot232=11,6\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.b.\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
c.\(3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow Fe_3O_4\)
0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=n_{Fe_3O_4}.M_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6g\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{K_2MnO_4}=0,1.197=19,7\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
c, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125mol\)
\(S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\)
0,125 0,125 ( mol )
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,25 0,125 ( mol )
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,25.158=39,5g\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,4-->0,3
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,6<------------------------------0,3
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=0,6.158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
nAl = 10,8/27 = 0,4 (mol)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 -> (t°) 2Al2O3
Mol: 0,4 ---> 0,3 ---> 0,2
VO2 = 0,3 . 24,79 = 7,437 (l)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
nKMnO4 = 0,3 . 2 = 0,6 (mol)
mKMnO4 = 0,6 . 158 = 94,8 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
b.\(n_{O_2}=0,1.60\%=0,06mol\)
\(2R+\dfrac{1}{2}nO_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)R_2O_n\)
\(\dfrac{2,16}{M_R}\) \(\dfrac{2,16n}{M_R}\) ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2,16n}{M_R}=0,06\)
\(\Rightarrow0,06M_R=2,16n\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R=36n\)
Biện luận:
-n=1 => Loại
-n=2 => Loại
-n=3 => \(M_R=108\) ( g/mol ) R là Bạc ( Ag )
Vậy R là Bạc (Ag)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1)
Gọi số mol KMnO4, KClO3 là a, b (mol)
=> 158a + 122,5b = 308,2 (1)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
a-------------------------------->0,5a
2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
b------------------>1,5b
=> mO2 = (0,5a + 1,5b).32 = 16a + 48b (g)
mD = 308,2 - 16a - 48b(g)
\(m_{Mn}=\dfrac{\left(308,2-16a-48b\right).10,69}{100}=32,94658-1,7104a-5,1312b\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{Mn}=\dfrac{32,94658-1,7104a-5,1312b}{55}=0,6-\dfrac{1069}{34375}a-\dfrac{3207}{34375}\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(n_{Mn}=n_{KMnO_4}=a\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{35444}{34375}a+\dfrac{3207}{34375}b=0,6\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,4 (mol); b = 2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,4.158}{308,2}.100\%=20,506\%\\\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2.122,5}{308,2}.100\%=79,494\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
2)
Giả sử nung 100 (g) đá vôi
=> \(m_{CaCO_3\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{80.100}{100}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{rắn.sau.pư}=\dfrac{100.73,6}{100}=73,6\left(g\right)\)
=> mCO2 = 100 - 73,6 = 26,4 (g)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{26,4}{44}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 --to--> CaO + CO2
0,6<----------------0,6
=> mCaCO3(pư) = 0,6.100 = 60 (g)
\(H\%=\dfrac{60}{80}.100\%=75\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,2-------------------------------------0,1
3Fe+2O2-to>Fe3O4
0,15----0,1 mol
=>n KMnO4=\(\dfrac{31,6}{158}\)=0,2 mol
=>VO2=0,1.22,4=2,24l
=>m Fe=0,15.56=8,4g
a)
nKMnO4 = 47.4/158 = 0.3 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.3_________________________0.15
VO2 = 0.15*22.4 = 3.36 (l)
b)
nKMnO4 = 31.6/158 = 0.2 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.2_________________________0.1
VO2 = 0.1*22.4 = 2.24 (l)
c)
nKMnO4 = 39.5/158 = 0.25 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.25_________________________0.125
VO2 = 0.125*22.4 = 2.8 (l)
2)
a)
nO2 = 3.36/22.4 = 0.15 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.3_________________________0.15
mKMnO4 = 0.3*158 = 47.4(g)
b)
nO2 = 8.96/22.4 = 0.4 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.8_________________________0.4
mKMnO4 = 0.8*158 = 126.4(g)
c)
nO2 = 14.4/32 = 0.45 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.9_________________________0.45
mKMnO4 = 0.9*158 = 142.2(g)