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\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
a 0,4 0,2 1a
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
b 0,3 0,15 1b
a) Gọi a là số mol của Mg
b là số mol của Fe
\(m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=13,2g\)
⇒ 24a + 56b = 13,2g (1)
Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,35(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
24a + 56b = 13,2g
1a + 1b = 0,35
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{4,8.100}{13,2}=36,36\)0/0
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{13,2}=63,64\)0/0
b) \(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,3=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,2}=3,5\left(M\right)\)
c) \(m_{muối.clorua}=\left(0,2.95\right)+\left(0,15.127\right)=38,05\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
____0,1______0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
a, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
\(CT:ACO_3\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4.4912}{22.4}=0.2005\left(mol\right)\)
\(ACO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(0.2005.....0.401.....0.2005...0.2005\)
\(M_{ACO_3}=\dfrac{20.05}{0.2005}=100\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=100-60=40\)
\(A:Ca\left(Canxi\right)\)
\(m_{CaCl_2}=0.2005\cdot111=22.2555\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=20.05+100-0.2005\cdot44=111.228\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{22.2555}{111.228}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
Bài 2: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=127\cdot0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\)
Giả sử KL có hóa trị n.
PT: \(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{n}nH_2=\dfrac{0,4}{n}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,4}{n}}=12n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Với n = 2 thì MM = 24 (g/mol) là tm
Vậy: M là Mg.
Ta có: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,5 (mol)
mmuối = mkim loại + mCl = 10,2 + 0,5.35,5 = 27,95(g)
\(M + 2HCl \to MCl_2 + H_2\\ n_M = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M = \dfrac{5,6}{0,1} = 56(Fe)\\ \)
Vậy M là kim loại Fe
\(n_{FeCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7(gam)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} =m_{Fe} + m_{dd\ HCl} -m_{H_2} = 5,6 + 94,6 -0,1.2 = 100(gam)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{12,7}{100}.100\% = 12,7\%\)