cho P=1/(3 2a b ab) 1/(3 2b c bc) 1/((3 2c a ac)với a,b,c là các số thực làm cho P xác định và thỏa mãn điều kiện: (1 a)(1 b0(1 c)=1. CMR P=1
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ac=abc+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a+1-c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)+b\left(c-1\right)+a\left(c-1\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-a\left(1-c\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-c\right)\left(ab-b-a+1\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=1\)
Ta có thể đặt x=1-a ; y=1-b; z=1-c => xyz=1
Nhưng trong đẳng thức cần chứng minh theo x;y;z
=> Thế: a=1-x; b=1-y; c=1-z vào được:
\(\frac{1}{3+ab-\left(2a+b\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)-2\left(1-x\right)-\left(1-y\right)}=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3+bc-\left(2b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-y\right)-\left(1-z\right)}=\frac{1}{1+y+yz}\)
\(\frac{1}{3+ac-\left(2c+a\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-z\right)-\left(1-x\right)}=\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
Theo giả thiết xuz=1
=> \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{1}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+xyz}+\frac{xy}{xy+xyz+x^2yz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+1}+\frac{xy}{xy+1+x}\)
\(=\frac{1+x+xy}{1+x+xy}=1=VP\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c^2+1\right)-1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}+12\)
Mặt khác \(a;b;c\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\) (và tương tự...)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+12\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+1+1+1+9\)
\(VT\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ac+abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+ab+1)+c+bc+ac+abc=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+ab+1)+c(1+b+a+ab)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)+c(a+1)(b+1)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=1\)
Đặt \((a+1,b+1,c+1)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(x-1,y-1,z-1)\) và \(xyz=1\)
Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{1}{3+2(x-1)+y-1+(x-1)(y-1)}+\frac{1}{3+2(y-1)+z-1+(y-1)(z-1)}+\frac{1}{3+2(z-1)+x-1+(x-1)(z-1)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+xy+1}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{1}{z+xz+1}\)
\(=\frac{yz}{xyz+xy.yz+yz}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{y}{zy+xz.y+y}\)
\(=\frac{yz}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{y}{yz+1+y}=\frac{yz+1+y}{yz+1+y}=1\)
Ta có đpcm.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Theo đề ra, ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)
Theo BĐT Cô-si:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+ab^2\ge2a^2b\\b^3+bc^2\ge2b^2c\\c^3+ca^2\ge2c^2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
Do vậy \(M\ge14\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Ta đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=k\)
Luôn có \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)
Vì thế nên \(k\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Khi đấy:
\(M\ge14k+\dfrac{3\left(1-k\right)}{2k}=\dfrac{k}{2}+\dfrac{27k}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2k}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{2}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{27k}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2k}}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{23}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min_M=\dfrac{23}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\).