cho một lượng muối magie cacbonat tác dụng vừa đủ với 200ml dung dịch HCl 0,5M.Hãy tính nồng độ mol của các chất trong dung dịch khi phản ứng kết thúc
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4.5}{27}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{6}.....0.5.......\dfrac{1}{6}.......0.25\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.5\cdot36.5=18.25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\cdot133.5=22.25\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.25\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`n_[Al]=[2,7]/27=0,1(mol)`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,3` `0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`b)V_[dd HCl]=[0,3]/2=0,15(l)`
`=>C_[M_[AlCl_3]]=[0,1]/[0,15]~~0,67(M)`
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\\ C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1<-0,2------<0,1<---0,1
=> mMgCl2 = 0,1.95 = 9,5 (g)
b) \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a)n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b)n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=3.0,4=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{43,8}{10,95\%}\cdot100\%=400\left(g\right)\\ c)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4mol\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=10,8+400-1,2=409,6\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{53,4}{409,6}\cdot100\%\approx13\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{17,4}{58}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\\b. n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.85=25,5\left(g\right)\\c.CM_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M \)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,4 0,8 0,4
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{1}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{0,8.1}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{MgCl2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{1,6}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 0,4.......0,8.......0,4......0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(l\right)\\ V_{ddMgCl_2}=V_{ddHCl}=1,6\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{MddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{1,6}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(b.n_{MgO}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,04mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,04.2=0,08mol\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,15}=0,53M\)
\(c.m_{MgCl_2}=0,04.95=3,8g\)
PTHH: \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=0,05mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1\left(M\right)\) (Coi như Vdd thay đổi không đáng kể)