Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the nest decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these valued together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multi-faceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their mind at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A. realistic example for many college students in the question "What will I do after graduation?. A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, purse an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
The author states that"On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their mind at once"(paragraph 3) to explain that
A. most decisions involve seven steps
B. human mental capacity has limitations
C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
D. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
Đáp án B
Thông tin: One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their mind at once.
Dịch nghĩa: Một trong những lợi ích của một quá trình ra quyết định với bút chì và giấy là nó cho phép người ta đối phó với nhiều phương án hơn tâm trí của họ thường có thể hiểu và ghi nhớ. Tính trung bình, mọi người có thể giữ khoảng bảy ý tưởng trong tâm trí của họ cùng một lúc.
Như vậy, câu văn được in đậm là một ví dụ cụ thể cho việc tâm trí con người thông thường không thể hiểu và ghi nhớ quá nhiều.
Phương án B. human mental capacity has limitations = khả năng trí tuệ của con người có giới hạn, là phương án chính xác nhất.
A. most decisions involve seven steps = hầu hết các quyết định liên quan đến bảy bước.
Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.
C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions = một số người gặp khó khăn đưa ra các quyết định nhỏ cũng như các quyết định lớn.
Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.
D. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice = Con người có thể học để giữ nhiều hơn bảy ý tưởng trong đầu bằng cách luyện tập.
Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.