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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 47: Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?

A. They function as part of a purification process.

B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.

C. They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.

D. They have existed since the Earth developed.

1
2 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Những chất ô nhiễm tự nhiên có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí vì sao?

A. Chúng hoạt động như một phần của quá trình làm sạch.

B. Chúng xuất hiện với số lượng lớn hơn rất nhiều so với các chất gây ô nhiễm khác.

C. Chúng ít có hại hơn đến những vật thể sống so với các chất ô nhiễm khác.

D. Chúng đã tồn tại từ khi Trái đất phát triển.

Giải thích: Thông tin ở đoạn cuối “In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle.”

17 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Ý chính của đoạn cuối cùng là gì?

  A. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đã kiểm soát quá trình lão hóa.

  B. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đang làm việc chăm chỉ để giúp mọi người sống lâu hơn và khỏe mạnh hơn.

  C. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa đang cố gắng mang lại cho con người một cuộc sống vĩnh cửu.

  D. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lão hóa hiện có thể làm chậm quá trình lão hóa.

Thông tin: They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years.

Tạm dịch: Họ đang nỗ lực tìm ra cách mà chiếc đồng hồ này hoạt động để có thể làm chậm đi quá trình này. Điều này có thể giúp cho con người sống lâu hơn và có được những năm tháng đóng góp nhiều hơn. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 50: Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

A. To effectively control pollution local government should regularly review their air pollution laws.

B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.

C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.

D. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.

1
22 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Trong số những câu sau, câu nào đúng nhất, theo đoạn văn?

A. Để có thể kiểm soát hiệu quả ô nhiễm, chính quyền địa phương cần thường xuyên xem xét lại luật về ô nhiễm không khí.

B. Một trong những bước quan trọng nhất để bảo tồn đất đai thiên nhiên là áp dụng tốt hơn luật lệ về ô nhiễm không khí.

C. Nên tham khảo các nhà khoa học để có thể đề ra giới hạn chung về chất gây ô nhiễm không khí.

D. Hoạt động của con người rất có hiệu quả trong việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm không khí.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 48: According to the passage, which of the following is true about human-generated air pollution in localized regions?

A. It can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants in the localized region.

B. It can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants.

C. It will damage areas outside of the localized regions.

D. It will react harmfully with naturally occurring pollutants.

1
14 tháng 2 2017

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Theo như đoạn văn, trong số những câu sau, đâu là câu đúng khi nói về ô nhiễm không khí do con người tạo ra ở những vùng địa phương?

A. Nó có thể bị hạn chế những chất thải tự nhiên của chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường tại vùng địa phương

B. Nó có thể áp đảo hệ thống tự nhiên mà loại bỏ những chất gây ô nhiễm.

C. Nó sẽ làm hư hại những khu vực phía ngoài vùng địa phương.

D. Nó sẽ phản ứng gây hại cùng với những chất gây ô nhiễm tự nhiên khác.

Giải thích: Thông tin ở “The concentrations at which the adverse efiects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 43: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The economic impact of air pollution.

B. What constitutes an air pollutant.

C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.

D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.

1
4 tháng 9 2019

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa: Đoạn văn bàn luận về vấn đề gì?

A. Ảnh hưởng về mặt kinh tế của ô nhiễm môi trường.

B. Yếu tố nào cấu thành nên chất gây ô nhiễm không khí.

C. Chất gây ô nhiễm không khí có thể gây hại như thế nào.

D. Ảnh hưởng của các hợp chất đến bầu khí quyển.

Giải thích: Ý A không có trong bài, C và D chỉ là chi tiết rất nhỏ trong bài. Ý B bao quát các đoạn hơn cả.

24 tháng 7 2017
Đáp án: A
13 tháng 8 2019
Đáp án: D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.        An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

        An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

        Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

        However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0. 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if .

A. it can be calculated quickly

B. it is in a localized area 

C. the natural level is also known 

D. the other substances in the area are known

1
29 tháng 8 2017

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn văn, giá trị số của nồng độ của chất chỉ hữu ích nếu _______.

A. nó có thể được tính toán một cách nhanh chóng

B. nó đang ở trong một khu vực địa phương hóa

C. mức độ tự nhiên cũng được biết đến

D. các chất khác trong khu vực được biết đến

Dẫn chứng: The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

Tạm dịch: Nồng độ thực tế không cần phải lớn để một chất là chất gây ô nhiễm; trên thực tế, giá trị số cho chúng ta biết rất ít cho đến khi chúng ta biết mức tăng này thể hiện qua sự tập trung có thể xảy ra tự nhiên trong khu vực như thế nào.

Đáp án: C

Dch bài đc:

        Ô nhiễm không khí được định nghĩa là một hợp chất được thêm trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp bởi con người vào khí quyển với số lượng như vậy ảnh hưởng đến con người, động vật, thực vật hoặc vật liệu bất lợi. Ô nhiễm không khí đòi hỏi một định nghĩa rất linh hoạt cho phép thay đổi liên tục. Khi các luật ô nhiễm không khí đầu tiên được thành lập ở Anh vào thế kỷ 14, các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí bị giới hạn bởi các hợp chất có thể nhìn thấy hoặc ngửi - một tiếng kêu xa từ danh sách các chất độc hại ngày nay. Khi công nghệ đã phát triển và kiến thức về các khía cạnh sức khỏe của các hóa chất khác nhau đã tăng lên, danh sách các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí đã kéo dài. Trong tương lai, ngay cả hơi nước có thể được coi là một chất gây ô nhiễm không khí trong những điều kiện nhất định.

        Nhiều chất ô nhiễm không khí quan trọng hơn, chẳng hạn như oxit lưu huỳnh, carbon monoxit và nitơ oxit được tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Khi Trái đất phát triển, nồng độ của các chất gây ô nhiễm này đã bị thay đổi bởi các phản ứng hóa học khác nhau; chúng trở thành các thành phần trong chu kỳ sinh hóa. Chúng phục vụ như là một chương trình lọc không khí bằng cách cho phép các hợp chất di chuyển từ không khí đến nước hoặc đất. Trên cơ sở toàn cầu, sản lượng của các hợp chất này là do sao lùn tạo ra từ các hoạt động của con người.

        Tuy nhiên, sản xuất của con người thường xảy ra ở một khu vực địa phương, chẳng hạn như một thành phố. Trong khu vực như vậy, sản lượng của con người có thể chiếm ưu thế và có thể tạm thời làm quá tải kế hoạch thanh lọc tự nhiên của các chu kỳ. Kết quả là nồng độ các hóa chất độc hại trong không khí. Nồng độ mà tại đó các tác dụng phụ xuất hiện sẽ lớn hơn nồng độ các chất gây ô nhiễm sẽ có trong trường hợp không có hoạt động của con người. Nồng độ thực tế không cần phải lớn cho một chất là chất gây ô nhiễm; trên thực tế, giá trị số cho chúng ta biết rất ít cho đến khi chúng ta biết mức tăng này thể hiện qua sự tập trung có thể xảy ra tự nhiên trong khu vực như thế nào. Ví dụ, sulphur dioxide có thể phát hiện được hiệu ứng sức khỏe ở mức 0,08 phần triệu (ppm), gấp khoảng 400 lần mức độ tự nhiên của nó. Carbon monoxide, tuy nhiên có mức độ tự nhiên 0,1 ppm và thường không phải là chất gây ô nhiễm cho đến khi đạt đến mức 15 ppm.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 46: The word "altered" is closest in meaning to _______.

A. eliminated

B. caused

C. slowed

D. changed

1
12 tháng 7 2017

Đáp án D

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “altered” - thay thế, thay đổi, gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. loại bỏ                                                                             B. gây ra

C. chậm lại                                                                         D. thay đổi

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century,...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetaions, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air' pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human

activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.

In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us littleuntil we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfurdioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, as a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Question 44: The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to ____________.

A. negatively

B. quickly

C. admittedly

D. considerably

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8 tháng 3 2017

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Từ “adversely” - tiêu cực, gần nghĩa nhất với _________.

A. tiêu cực                                                                          B. nhanh chóng

C. rõ ràng là, phải thừa nhận là                                      D. đáng kể