Giải các phương trình sau sin 6 x + cos 6 x = 4 cos 2 2 x
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1.
PT $\Leftrightarrow 2^{x^2-5x+6}+2^{1-x^2}-2^{7-5x}-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (2^{x^2-5x+6}-2^{7-5x})-(1-2^{1-x^2})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2^{7-5x}(2^{x^2-1}-1)-(2^{x^2-1}-1)2^{1-x^2}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (2^{x^2-1}-1)(2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2})=0$
$\Rightarrow 2^{x^2-1}-1=0$ hoặc $2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2}=0$
Nếu $2^{x^2-1}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=\pm 1$
$2^{7-5x}-2^{1-x^2}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 7-5x=1-x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-3)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2; x=3$
2. Đặt $\sin ^2x=a$ thì $\cos ^2x=1-a$. PT trở thành:
$16^a+16^{1-a}=10$
$\Leftrightarrow 16^a+\frac{16}{16^a}=10$
$\Leftrightarrow (16^a)^2-10.16^a+16=0$
Đặt $16^a=x$ thì:
$x^2-10x+16=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-8)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2$ hoặc $x=8$
$\Leftrightarrow 16^a=2$ hoặc $16^a=8$
$\Leftrightarrow 2^{4a}=2$ hoặc $2^{4a}=2^3$
$\Leftrightarroww 4a=1$ hoặc $4a=3$
$\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{4}$ hoặc $a=\frac{3}{4}$
Nếu $a=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow \sin ^2x=\frac{1}{4}$
$\Leftrightarrow \sin x=\pm \frac{1}{2}$
Nếu $a=\sin ^2x=\frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow \sin x=\pm \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
Đến đây thì đơn giản rồi.
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a)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {2x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {2x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \sin \left( { - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x - \frac{\pi }{6} = - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\2x - \frac{\pi }{6} = \pi + \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x = - \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\2x = \frac{{3\pi }}{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = - \frac{\pi }{{12}} + k\pi \\x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}\cos \left( {\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \frac{1}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \cos \frac{\pi }{3}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\\frac{{3x}}{2} + \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{{ - \pi }}{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{18}} + \frac{{k4\pi }}{3}\\x = \frac{{ - 7\pi }}{{18}} + \frac{{k4\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin 3x - \cos 5x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin 3x = \cos 5x\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos 5x = \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 3x} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}5x = \frac{\pi }{2} - 3x + k2\pi \\5x = - \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 3x} \right) + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}8x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\2x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{16}} + \frac{{k\pi }}{4}\\x = - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi \end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
d)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}x = \frac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos x = \frac{1}{2}\\\cos x = - \frac{1}{2}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{3}\\\cos x = \cos \frac{{2\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\x = - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \\x = - \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
e)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin x - \sqrt 3 \cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{2}\sin x - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \frac{\pi }{3}.\sin x - \sin \frac{\pi }{3}.\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = \sin 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x - \frac{\pi }{3} = k\pi ;k \in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow x = \frac{\pi }{3} + k\pi ;k \in Z\end{array}\)
f)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin x + \cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\sin x + \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos \frac{\pi }{4}.\sin x + \sin \frac{\pi }{4}.\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \sin 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x + \frac{\pi }{4} = k\pi ;k \in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow x = - \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi ;k \in Z\end{array}\)
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Với \(cosx=0\) ko phải nghiệm
Với \(cosx\ne0\) chia 2 vế cho \(cos^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow tan^2x-4\sqrt{3}tanx+1=-2\left(1+tan^2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3tan^2x-4\sqrt{3}tanx+3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}tanx=\sqrt{3}\\tanx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
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a) Dễ thấy cosx = 0 không thỏa mãn phương trình đã cho nên chiaw phương trình cho cos2x ta được phương trình tương đương 2tan2x + tanx - 3 = 0.
Đặt t = tanx thì phương trình này trở thành
2t2 + t - 3 = 0 ⇔ t ∈ {1 ; }.
Vậy
b) Thay 2 = 2(sin2x + cos2x), phương trình đã cho trở thành
3sin2x - 4sinxcosx + 5cos2x = 2sin2x + 2cos2x
⇔ sin2x - 4sinxcosx + 3cos2x = 0
⇔ tan2x - 4tanx + 3 = 0
⇔
⇔ x = + kπ ; x = arctan3 + kπ, k ∈ Z.
c) Thay sin2x = 2sinxcosx ; =
(sin2x + cos2x) vào phương trình đã cho và rút gọn ta được phương trình tương đương
sin2x + 2sinxcosx -
cos2x = 0 ⇔ tan2x + 4tanx - 5 = 0 ⇔
⇔ x = + kπ ; x = arctan(-5) + kπ, k ∈ Z.
d) 2cos2x - 3√3sin2x - 4sin2x = -4
⇔ 2cos2x - 3√3sin2x + 4 - 4sin2x = 0
⇔ 6cos2x - 6√3sinxcosx = 0 ⇔ cosx(cosx - √3sinx) = 0
⇔
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a)
\(\sin \left( {2x + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \sin x \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x + \frac{\pi }{4} = x + k2\pi \\2x + \frac{\pi }{4} = \pi - x + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi \\3x = \pi - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi \\x = \frac{\pi }{4} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.;k \in Z\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin 2x = \cos 3x\\ \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x = \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 2x} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}3x = \frac{\pi }{2} - 2x + k2\pi \\3x = - \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 2x} \right) + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}5x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{\pi }{{10}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{5}\\x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}2x = {\cos ^2}\left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos 2x = \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\\\cos 2x = - \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos 2x = \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\\\cos 2x = \cos \left( {\pi - \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)} \right)\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos 2x = \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\\\cos 2x = \cos \left( {\frac{{5\pi }}{6} - x} \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Với \(\cos 2x = \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x = - \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) + k2\pi \\2x = x + \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}3x = - \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\x = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = - \frac{\pi }{{18}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}\\x = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\)
Với \(\cos 2x = \cos \left( {\frac{{5\pi }}{6} - x} \right) \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}2x = \frac{{5\pi }}{6} - x + k2\pi \\2x = - \left( {\frac{{5\pi }}{6} - x} \right) + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}3x = \frac{{5\pi }}{6} + k2\pi \\x = - \frac{{5\pi }}{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{5\pi }}{{18}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}\\x = - \frac{{5\pi }}{6} + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\)
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a) \(\cos \left( {3x - \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {3x - \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \cos \frac{{3\pi }}{4}\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x - \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\\{3x - \frac{\pi }{4} = - \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x = \pi + k2\pi }\\{3x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{3} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}}\\{x = - \frac{\pi }{6} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}}\end{array}} \right.\;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)
b) \(2{\sin ^2}x - 1 + \cos 3x = 0\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 2x + \cos 3x = 0\;\; \Leftrightarrow 2\cos \frac{{5x}}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2} = 0\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\cos \frac{{5x}}{2} = 0}\\{\cos \frac{x}{2} = 0}\end{array}} \right.\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\frac{{5x}}{2} = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\\{\frac{{5x}}{2} = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\\{\frac{x}{2} = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\\{\frac{x}{2} = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{5} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{5}}\\{x = - \frac{\pi }{5} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{5}}\\{x = \pi + k2\pi }\\{x = - \pi + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)
c) \(\tan \left( {2x + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right) = \tan \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\;\; \Leftrightarrow 2x + \frac{\pi }{5} = x - \frac{\pi }{6} + k\pi \;\;\; \Leftrightarrow x = - \frac{{11\pi }}{{30}} + k\pi \;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)
sin 6 x + cos 6 x = 4 cos 2 2 x ⇔ sin 2 x + cos 2 x 3 - 3 sin 2 x . cos 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) = 4 cos 2 2 x