Cho \(a\ge b\ge c>0\). Tìm GTNN của biểu thức: \(L=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)
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Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2bc+2ac}\)
Mặt khác : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2bc+2ac}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dự đoán \(MinL=\frac{3}{2}\)khi a = b = c
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-a\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{c-a}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{b+c}\right)-\frac{c-a}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2}.\frac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{c-a}{2}.\frac{a-b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)(đúng do \(a\ge b\ge c>0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
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BĐT Bunhiacopxky em chưa học cô ạ
Cô cong cách nào không ạ
Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt Ánh:
Vậy thì bạn có thể chứng minh $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$ thông qua BĐT Cô-si:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$x+y+z\geq 3\sqrt[3]{xyz}$
$xy+yz+xz\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}$
Nhân theo vế:
$(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\geq 9xyz$
$\Rightarrow \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$
hay $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
hơn 1 năm rồi không ai làm :'(
a) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)(1)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)(2)
\(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)(3)
Nhân (1), (2), (3) theo vế
=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8\sqrt{\left(abc\right)^2}=8\left|abc\right|=8abc\)
=> đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
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a) Giả sử:
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
b, Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho các cặp số dương \(\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ca}{b};\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c};\frac{ca}{b}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c}\)
Ta lần lượt có : \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ca}{b}}=2c;\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ab}{c}}=2b;\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{ca}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}}\)
Cộng từng vế ta đc bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh . Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c, Với các số dương \(3a\) và \(5b\), Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có \(\frac{3a+5b}{2}\ge\sqrt{3a.5b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a+5b\right)^2\ge4.15P\)( Vì \(P=a.b\))
\(\Leftrightarrow12^2\ge60P\)\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{12}{5}\Rightarrow maxP=\frac{12}{5}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(3a=5b=12:2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=\frac{6}{5}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét \(\left(a^2+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\left(4^2+1^2\right)\ge\left(4a+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}\right)^2\)
=> \(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b+c}}\ge\frac{4a+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}}{\sqrt{17}}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c+a}}\ge\frac{4b+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}}{\sqrt{17}}\\\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a+b}}\ge\frac{4c+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}}{\sqrt{17}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> A \(\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}}{\sqrt{17}}\)
Có \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}=\frac{4}{4.\sqrt{a+b}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).4}\le\frac{a+b+4}{2}\) => \(4\sqrt{a+b}\le a+b+4\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+4}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}\ge\frac{4}{b+c+4}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\ge\frac{4}{c+a+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\) \(\ge4.\left(\frac{1}{b+c+4}+\frac{1}{c+a+4}+\frac{1}{a+b+4}\right)\)
\(\ge4.\frac{9}{2a+2b+2c+12}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(A\ge\frac{4.6+\frac{3}{2}}{\sqrt{17}}=\frac{3.\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(áp\)\(dụng\)\(BĐT\)\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(ta\)\(có\)\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\ge\frac{4a^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{4a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}\)
\(=\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}+2\ge3+2=5\)
dấu = xảy ra khi \(a^2=2b^22c^2\)
Những bài ntn chúng ta nên nhẩm ngiệm để cô si
ta có A=\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}=\frac{a^2}{4b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{4c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt cô si cho cặp sô thứ 1, cho cặp số thứ 2
Ta có\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\ge\frac{4a^2}{b^2+c^2}=4\Rightarrow\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\right)\ge3\)
+ hết vào ...=> A>=...
dấu = xáy ra <=> b=c=a=1/căn(2)
Ta có:
\(L=\frac{\sum\left(abc+a^2b+ca^2+c^2a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{3abc+2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)}{2abc+\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)}\).
Ta chứng minh \(L\ge\frac{3}{2}\). (*)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(\cdot\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\ge0\left(Q.E.D\right)\).
(*) được chứng minh.
Vậy Min P = 0,125 khi a = b = c.
\(L=\frac{a+b-b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}=1-\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)
\(L=b\left(\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(L=\frac{b\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{2}=\left(a-c\right)\left(\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(L=\left(a-c\right)\left(\frac{ab+bc-ac-b^2}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi ít nhất 2 trong 3 số bằng nhau