hòa tan 1.6 gam CuO trong 50 ml dung dịch HCl 1M. Các phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn. a) Viết PTHH b) Tính số mol chất còn dư sau phản ứng c) Tính Cm dd sau phản ứng
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a) PTHH: \(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{68,95}{197}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,25\cdot3,2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,35}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,35\cdot2=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
b+c) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{CO_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,25}=1,4\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
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a)
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$
b)
n HCl = 0,4.1,5 = 0,6(mol)
n Al2O3 = 1/6 n HCl = 0,1(mol) => m = 0,1.102 = 10,2(gam)
n AlCl3 = 1/3 n HCl = 0,2(mol) => CM AlCl3 = 0,2/0,4 = 0,5M
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a, \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 160y = 32 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 135x + 325y = 59,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{0,5}=2\left(l\right)\)
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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,07.0,5=0,035mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4:dư\\ V=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,02.22,4=0,672L\\ C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,005}{0,07}=0,071M\\ C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,07}=\dfrac{1}{7}\left(M\right)\\ CuO+H_2-t^{^0}->Cu+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=0,03mol\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{6,4}{80}=0,08\Rightarrow CuO:dư\\ m_{rắn}=6,4-16.0,03=5,92g\)
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nHCl=0,3.2=0,6(mol)
a) PTHH: CuO +2 HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O
0,3_______________0,6___0,3(mol)
b) mCuO=0,3.80=24(g)
c) VddCuCl2=VddHCl=0,3(l)
=>CMddCuCl2=0,3/0,3=1(M)
d) m(muối)=0,3.135=40,5(g)
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Câu 3 :
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10\cdot21.9\%}{36.5}=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(AO+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03........0.06\)
\(M=\dfrac{2.4}{0.03}=80\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=64\)
\(CuO\)
Câu 2 :
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{1,6}{80} = 0,02(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{100.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{10}{49}$
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4 dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CuSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{CuO} = 0,02(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6(gam)$
Vậy :
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{0,02.160}{101,6}.100\% = 3,15\%$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{100.20\% - 0,02.98}{101,6}.100\% = 17,6\%$