a, Cho các số dương thỏa mãn a2 + b2 +c2 = 3. Tìm GTNN: P =\(\frac{a^4}{b+2}+\frac{b^4}{c+2}+\frac{c^4}{a+2}\)
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Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(Ta có: \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }}\mathop \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - (\frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }} + \frac{{\sqrt {a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{{2\sqrt 2 }})\)
\(Do đó: \frac{{a^5 }}{{b^3 + c^2 }} \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - \frac{{\sqrt {2a(b^3 + c^2 )} }}{2}\mathop \ge \frac{{3a^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2a + b^3 + c^2 }}{4}\)
\(CMTT \frac{{b^5 }}{{c^3 + a^2 }}\mathop \ge \frac{{3b^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2b + c^3 + a^2 }}{4}\), \(\frac{{c^5}}{{a^3+b^2}}\mathop \ge \frac{{3c^2 }}{2} - \frac{{2c + a^3 + b^2 }}{4}\)
\(M \ge \frac{{3(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 )}}{2} + a^4 + b^4 + c^4 - \frac{{2(a + b + c) + (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ) + (a^3 + b^3 + c^3 )}}{4}\)
\(M \ge \frac{9}{2} + a^4 + b^4 + c^4 - \frac{{2(a + b + c) + (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ) + (a^3 + b^3 + c^3 )}}{4}\)
Áp dụng Bunhiacoopski ta có:
\(\sqrt {(a^4+b^4+c^4 )(a^2+b^2+c^2)}=\sqrt {(a^4 +b^4+ c^4 ).3}\ge a^3+b^3+c^3 \)
\(\sqrt {(a^4 + b^4 + c^4 )(1 + 1 + 1)} = \sqrt {(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ).3} \ge a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \Leftrightarrow a^4 + b^4 + c^4 \ge 3\)
Ta có: \(3 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge \frac{{(a + b + c)^2 }}{3} \Leftrightarrow a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge a + b + c\)
\(Đặt t=x^4+y^4+z^4 (t \ge 3) cần CM để trở thành S \ge \frac{{4t - 9 - \sqrt {3t} }}{4}\ge 0\)
\(Ta có: S\ge \frac{{4t - 9 - \sqrt {3t} }}{4} = \frac{{3(t - 3) + \sqrt t (\sqrt t - \sqrt 3 )}}{4} \ge 0
\)
\(Do đó: M\geq \frac{9}{2}\)
Phần đầu mình thiếu nha
\(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\left(\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
Do đó \(\frac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2a\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}{2}\ge\frac{3a^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2a+b^3+b^2\right)}{4}\)
CMTT \(\frac{b^5}{c^3+a^2}\ge\frac{3b^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2b+c^3+a^2\right)}{4},\frac{c^5}{a^3+b^2}\ge\frac{3c^2}{2}-\frac{\left(2c+a^3+b^2\right)}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(a^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3a^2}=2\sqrt{3}a\)
Tương tự: \(b^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3}b\) ; \(c^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3}c\)
Cộng vế: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+9\ge2\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+9}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{9+9}{2\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge-3\sqrt{3}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^4}{b+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(b+2\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^4\left(b+2\right)}{\left(b+2\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{6a^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b^4}{c+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(c+2\right)\ge\dfrac{6b^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{c^4}{a+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}\left(a+2\right)\ge\dfrac{6c^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(a+b+c+6\right)\ge\dfrac{6}{2+\sqrt{3}}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(a+b+c+6\right)\ge\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}.\left(3\sqrt{3}+6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{27}{2+\sqrt{3}}=27\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Khi đó \(\frac{a^4}{b+2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta cần ghép \(\frac{a^4}{b+2}\)với hạng tử \(k\left(b+2\right)\)thỏa mãn khi Cô-si thì dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
Lại có \(b+2=3\)
Đồng thời khi Cô-si dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a^4}{b+2}=k\left(b+2\right)\)hay \(\frac{1}{3}=k.3\)\(\Leftrightarrow k=\frac{1}{9}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương \(\frac{a^4}{b+2}\)và \(\frac{b+2}{9}\), ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{b+2}+\text{}\frac{b+2}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^4}{b+2}.\frac{b+2}{9}}=\frac{2a^2}{3}\)
Tương tự, ta có \(\frac{b^4}{c+2}+\text{}\frac{c+2}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^4}{c+2}.\frac{c+2}{9}}=\frac{2b^2}{3}\)và
\(\frac{c^4}{a+2}+\text{}\frac{a+2}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^4}{a+2}.\frac{a+2}{9}}=\frac{2c^2}{3}\)
CỘng vế theo vế từng BĐT, ta được \(P+\frac{a+2+b+2+c+2}{9}\ge\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)+6}{9}\ge2\)(vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\)) \(\Leftrightarrow P\ge2-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)+6}{9}\)(1)
Ta chứng minh BĐT phụ \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)(với \(a,b,c>0\))
Thật vậy, BĐT này \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT phụ được chứng minh \(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\sqrt{3.3}=3\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow P\ge2-\frac{3+6}{9}=1\)\(\Rightarrow min_P=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2+z^2=4\)
\(P=\frac{x^3}{x+3y}+\frac{y^3}{y+3z}+\frac{z^3}{z+3x}=\frac{x^4}{x^2+3xy}+\frac{y^4}{y^2+3yz}+\frac{z^4}{z^2+3zx}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{4^2}{4+3.4}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c+6}=\frac{9}{a+b+c+6}\)(1)
lại có: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le3\)
Vậy: \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{9}{6+3}=1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/căn 3
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