Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
x(x+3) - 5x( x - 5 ) -( x + 3 )
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a: \(x^3-9x^2+6x+16\)
\(=x^3-8x^2-x^2+8x-2x+16\)
\(=x^2\left(x-8\right)-x\left(x-8\right)-2\left(x-8\right)\)
\(=\left(x-8\right)\left(x^2-x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-8\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b: \(x^3-x^2-x-2\)
\(=x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\cdot\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
c: \(x^3+x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-x^2-2x+x+2\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)-x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
d: \(x^3-6x^2-x+30\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-8x^2-16x+15x+30\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)-8x\left(x+2\right)+15\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-8x+15\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
e: Sửa đề: \(x^3-7x-6\)
\(=x^3-x-6x-6\)
\(=x\left(x^2-1\right)-6\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-6\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
f: \(27x^3-27x^2+18x-4\)
\(=27x^3-9x^2-18x^2+6x+12x-4\)
\(=9x^2\left(3x-1\right)-6x\left(3x-1\right)+4\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)
g: \(2x^3-x^2+5x+3\)
\(=2x^3+x^2-2x^2-x+6x+3\)
\(=x^2\left(2x+1\right)-x\left(2x+1\right)+3\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+3\right)\)
h: \(\left(x^2-3\right)^2+16\)
\(=x^4-6x^2+9+16\)
\(=x^4-6x^2+25\)
\(=x^4+10x^2+25-16x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+5\right)^2-\left(4x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+5+4x\right)\left(x^2+5-4x\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(x^2\left(x-3\right)-4x+12=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
=x²(x-3)-4x+3.4
=x²(x-3)-4(x+3)
=x²(x-3)+4(x-3)
=(x-3)(x²+4)
=(x-3)(x²+2²)
=(x-3)(x-2)(x+2)
\(x^5+x+1\)
\(=x^5+x^4+x^3-x^4-x^3-x^2+x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)\)
\(x^3-2xy-x^2y+2y^2=\left(x^3-x^2y\right)-\left(2xy-2y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-y\right)-2y\left(x-y\right)=\left(x^2-2y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-y\right)-2y\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-2y\right)\)
Câu 1:
\(=x^2-\left(y-4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y+4\right)\cdot\left(x+y-4\right)\)
Bài 2:
Sửa đề: \(x^3-3x^2-10x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-3x-10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-5\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=5\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1=\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
Dễ thấy \(x^2+1>0\); \(x^2+x+1=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\) nên ta không thể phân tích thêm được nữa.
Vậy \(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\).
\(x^3\left(2+x\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2+1-x^3\\ =\left(x+2\right)^2\left(x^3-1\right)-\left(x^3-1\right)\\ =\left[\left(x+2\right)^2-1\right]\left(x^3-1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+4x+3\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+y-\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\)