a, Tìm \(x,y,z\in Z\) biết: \(x^3+y^3+z^3=x+y+z+2020\)
b, Cho \(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)+xyz\) \(\left(x,y,z\in Z\right)\). Chứng minh rằng: Nếu \(x+y+z⋮6\) thì \(A-3xyz⋮6\)
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\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=\dfrac{16.\left(-z\right)}{z}+\dfrac{3.\left(-x\right)}{x}-\dfrac{2019.\left(-y\right)}{y}=2019-19=2000\)
\(\left(x^3+1\right)\left(y^3+1\right)\left(z^3+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3xyz\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}xyz=0\\\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Ta có:
\(x^2-x+1=\dfrac{3}{4}x^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-1\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}x^2\)
Tương tự: \(y^2-y+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}y^2\) ; \(z^2-z+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}z^2\)
Do các vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế ta được:
\(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)\ge\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Thế vào điều kiện \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=3xyz\) ko thỏa mãn (loại)
Vậy \(xyz=0\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3x^2y-3xy^2-3xyz.\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy-xz-yz-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2xz-2yz\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\text{[}\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)\text{]}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\text{[}\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\text{]}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dùng biến đổi sau: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(VT=z^3+\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3z\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x+y\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3xy-3yz-3zx\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=VP\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xyz\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
và
\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(=x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
Từ đó thay vào P rút ra:
\(P=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}=\frac{2020}{2}=1010\)
Vậy P = 1010
a)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=x+y+z+2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^3-x\right)+\left(y^3-y\right)+\left(z^3-z\right)=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+y\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)+z\left(z-1\right)\left(z+1\right)=2020\)
Ta có tích của ba số tự nhiên liên tiếp luôn chia hết cho 6
=> \(VT⋮6\)
Mà VP \(⋮̸\) 6
\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình vô nghiệm