Cho a,b,c>0 thoa man a+b+c=3. Tìm GTLN cua \(a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{c}+c\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{abc}\)
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Bài này hay:)
c = min {a,b,c}. Đặt
\(a-c=x;b-c=y\Rightarrow x,y\ge0\) và x + y = a + b - 2c \(=3-3c\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=x-y;c=\frac{3-x-y}{3}\)
\(a=x+c=x+\frac{3-x-y}{3}=\frac{2x-y+3}{3}\)
\(b=y+c=\frac{2y-x+3}{3}\)
Như vậy: \(K=\sqrt{4\left(2x-y+3\right)+y^2}+\sqrt{4\left(2y-x+3\right)+x^2}+\sqrt{4\left(3-x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{y^2-4y+8x+12}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+8y+12}+\sqrt{4\left(3-x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
Giờ em đang bận, tối em làm tiếp!
\(12a+\left(b-c\right)^2=4a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2-2bc+c^2\)
\(=4a^2+b^2+c^2+4ab+4ac+2bc-4bc\)
\(=\left(2a+b+c\right)^2-4bc\le\left(2a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{12a+\left(b-c\right)^2}\le2a+b+c\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{12b+\left(a-c\right)^2}\le a+2b+c\); \(\sqrt{12c+\left(a-b\right)^2}\le a+b+2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(K\le4\left(a+b+c\right)=12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\) và các hoán vị
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Sử dụng AM-GM, ta có
\(P=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+c}}=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
Theo bất đẳng thức Cô - si, ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\sqrt{bc}\le\frac{a+b+a+c}{2}+\frac{b+c}{2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\sqrt{bc}\right)\le\sqrt{a}\)hay \(\sqrt{a^2+abc}+\sqrt{abc}\le\sqrt{a}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\sqrt{b^2+abc}+\sqrt{abc}\le\sqrt{b}\);\(\sqrt{c^2+abc}+\sqrt{abc}\le\sqrt{c}\)
Mà \(abc\le\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{1}{27}\Rightarrow\sqrt{abc}\le\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\le3\left(a+b+c\right)=3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\le\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)