Đốt cháy kim loại Kali trong khí oxi thu được 16,8 g Kali oxit.Tính khối lượng KClO3 cần để điều chế lượng oxi nói trên.
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a. \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{6,96}{232}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : 3Fe + 2O2 -to-> Fe3O4
0,09 0,06 0,03
\(m_{Fe}=0,09.56=5,04\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,06.22,4=1,344\left(l\right)\)
b. PTHH : 2KCl + 3O2 -> 2KClO3
0,06 0,04
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,04.122,5=4,9\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2H_2O\)
\(0.5.......0.25\)
\(m_{O_2}=0.25\cdot32=8\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(0.5............................................0.25\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0.5\cdot158=79\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
n K2O = 16,8/94 = 0,18 (mol)
PTHH: 4K + O2 ---> 2K2O (1)
0,36 0,09 0,18 (mol)
Theo PTHH(1), có:
n K=2nK2O =0,18.2 =0,36(mol)
=> mK=0,36.39=14,04(g)
b)
PTHH: 2KClO3 ---> 2KCl + 3O2 (2)
Theo Pthh(1) và (2) ,có:
nO2(2)=nO2(1)=0,09 (mol)
=> nKClO3 =2/3nO2(2)=2/3.0,09=0,06 (mol)
=> m KClO3=122,5. 0,06=7,35(g)
4K + O2 --to--➢ 2K2O (1)
a) \(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{16,8}{94}=\dfrac{42}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_K=2n_{K_2O}=2\times\dfrac{42}{235}=\dfrac{84}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_K=\dfrac{84}{235}\times39=13,94\left(g\right)\)
b) 2KClO3 --to--➢ 2KCl + 3O2 (2)
Theo PT1: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{42}{235}=\dfrac{21}{235}\left(mol\right)=n_{O_2\left(2\right)}\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\times\dfrac{21}{235}=\dfrac{14}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{14}{235}\times122,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,1.232=23,2\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Có: O2 hao hụt 40% → H% = 100 - 40 = 60%
Theo PT: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{60\%}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{3}.158\approx105,3\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,15(mol)$
$V_{O_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
b) $2 KClO_3 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2KCl + 3O_2$
$n_{KClO_3} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{KClO_3} = 0,1.122,5 = 12,25(gam)$
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}>2Al_2O_3\)
tỉ lệ: 4 : 3 : 2
n(mol) 0,2---->0,15---->0,1
\(V_{O_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ PTHH:2KClO_3-^{t^o}>2KCl+3O_2\)
tỉ lệ: 2 : 2 : 3
n(mol) 0,1<-------------------------0,15
\(m_{KClO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot\left(39+35,5+16\cdot3\right)=12,25\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{Mg}=0,15(mol)$
a, $2Mg+O_2\rightarrow 2MgO$
Ta có: $n_{O_2}=0,5.n_{Mg}=0,075(mol)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1,68(l)$
b, $2KClO_3\rightarrow 2KCl+3O_2$ (đk: nhiệt độ, MnO2)
Ta có: $n_{KClO_3}=\frac{2}{3}.n_{O_2}=0,05(mol)\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=6,125(g)$
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3.6}{24}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2MgO\)
\(0.15......0.075......0.15\)
\(V_{O_2}=0.075\cdot22.4=1.68\left(l\right)\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(0.05.......................0.075\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0.05\cdot122.5=6.125\left(g\right)\)
4K + O2 --to--➢ 2K2O (1)
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{16,8}{94}=\dfrac{42}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{42}{235}=\dfrac{21}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
2KClO3 --to--➢ 2KCl + 3O2 (2)
\(n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=n_{O_2\left(2\right)}\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\times\dfrac{21}{235}=\dfrac{14}{235}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{14}{235}\times122,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)