Cho x + y=15. Tìm GTNN, GTLN của biểu thức A= \(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{y-3}\)
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\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\ge0\Rightarrow x+y\ge0\)
\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\le\sqrt{2\left(x+y+12\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\left(x+y+12\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+4\right)\left(x+y-6\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\le6\) (do \(x+y+4>0\))
\(P_{max}=6\) khi \(x=y=3\)
\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=x+y+12+2\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\ge x+y+12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)-12\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y-4\ge0\) (do \(x+y+3>0\))
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge4\)
\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-6;10\right)\) và hoán vị
Ta có: x - \(\sqrt{x+6}\) = \(\sqrt{y+6}\) - y (x; y \(\ge\) -6)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P = x + y = \(\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P2 = x + y + 12 + 2\(\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số ko âm x + 6 và y + 6 ta có:
\(x+y+12\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P2 \(\le\) x + y + 12 + x + y + 12 = 2x + 2y + 24 = 2P + 24
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P2 - 2P - 24 \(\le\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P2 - 36 + 12 - 2P \(\le\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (P - 6)(P + 6) + 2(6 - P) \(\le\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (P - 6)(P + 4) \(\le\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P-6\ge0\\P+4\le0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P-6\le0\\P+4\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}-4\ge P\ge6\left(KTM\right)\\6\ge P\ge-4\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) -4 \(\le\) P \(\le\) 6
Vậy ...
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1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
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Bài 1 : ĐK : \(x>3\) ; \(y>5\) ; \(z>4\)
\(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-5}+\sqrt{z-4}=20-\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}-\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}-\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)=20\)
Theo BĐT Cô - Si cho hai số không âm ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4\sqrt{x-3}}{\sqrt{x-3}}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\\\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\sqrt{y-5}}{\sqrt{y-5}}}=2\sqrt{9}=6\\\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{25\sqrt{z-4}}{\sqrt{z-4}}}=2\sqrt{25}=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)\ge20\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-5}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-4}+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\right)=20\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-3}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x-3}}\\\sqrt{y-5}=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{y-5}}\\\sqrt{z-4}=\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{z-4}}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=4\\y-5=9\\z-4=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=14\\z=29\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy \(x=7\) ; \(y=14\) ; \(z=29\)
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Lời giải:
Ta có:
$A^2=x+4+6-x+2\sqrt{(x+4)(6-x)}=10+2\sqrt{(x+4)(6-x)}\geq 10$
$\Rightarrow A\geq \sqrt{10}$ (do $A\geq 0$)
Vậy $A_{\min}=\sqrt{10}$. Giá trị này đạt được khi $(x+4)(6-x)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4$ hoặc $x=6$
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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopkxy:
$A^2\leq (x+4+6-x)(1+1)=10.2=20$
$\Rightarrow A\leq \sqrt{20}$
Vậy $A_{\max}=\sqrt{20}$
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2. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) :
\(B=\frac{x}{x+x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+z+z}\) \(=x\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+y\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+z\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot x\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}y\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}z\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
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Câu 1:
Tìm max:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
\(y^2=(3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{5-x})^2\leq (3^2+4^2)(x-1+5-x)\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2\leq 100\Rightarrow y\leq 10\)
Vậy \(y_{\max}=10\)
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{3}=\frac{\sqrt{5-x}}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{61}{25}\)
Tìm min:
Ta có bổ đề sau: Với $a,b\geq 0$ thì \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\geq \sqrt{a+b}\)
Chứng minh:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\geq \sqrt{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})^2\geq a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{ab}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng).
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $ab=0$
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Áp dụng bổ đề trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x}\geq \sqrt{(x-1)+(5-x)}=2\)
\(\sqrt{5-x}\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow y=3(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x})+\sqrt{5-x}\geq 3.2+0=6\)
Vậy $y_{\min}=6$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x-1)(5-x)=0\\ 5-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
Bài 2:
\(A=\sqrt{(x-1994)^2}+\sqrt{(x+1995)^2}=|x-1994|+|x+1995|\)
Áp dụng BĐT dạng \(|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|\) ta có:
\(A=|x-1994|+|x+1995|=|1994-x|+|x+1995|\geq |1994-x+x+1995|=3989\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=3989\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \((1994-x)(x+1995)\geq 0\Leftrightarrow -1995\leq x\leq 1994\)
Ta có: \(A^2=\left(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{y-3}\right)^2\\ =x-4+y+3+2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)}\\ =8+2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)}\)
Theo bđt Cauchy, ta có \(2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)}\le x-4+y-3=8\Rightarrow A^2\le8+8=16\Rightarrow C\le4\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge4;y\ge3\\x+y=15\\x-4=y-3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Amax=4 khi và chỉ khi x=8, y=7
Ta có: \(A^2=8+2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)}\) vì \(2\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)}\ge0\) nên \(A^2\ge8\Rightarrow A=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu'=' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge4,y\ge3\\x+y=15\\\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Amin= \(2\sqrt{2}\) khi và chỉ khi x=4, y=11 hoặc x=12, y=3