Trộn 200 ml dd H2SO4 pH=a với dd KOH pH =12 thu được dung dịch có pH=10 ( pH = 5 ) . Tính a
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H^+}=\left[H^+\right].V=10^{-1}.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,1a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=\left[OH^-\right].V=10^{-2}.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,002\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có:
\(n_{OH^-}-n_{OH^-\text{ dư}}=n_{H^+}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,1a-0,002=0,01\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,12\)
\([H^{+}]=0,1M\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^{+}}=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)\\ pH=12 \to pOH=14-12=2\\ \Rightarrow [OH^{-}]=0,01\\ \Rightarrow n_{OH^{-}}=0,002(mol)\\ H^{+} +OH^{-} \to H_2O\\ n_{NaOH}=0,01+0,002=0,012(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a=0,12M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 1:
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,6\cdot0,4+0,6\cdot0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot2,6=0,52\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) H+ hết, OH- còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,6+0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=14+log\left(0,1\right)=13\)
Bài 2:
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,3\cdot1,6=0,48\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot1\cdot2+0,2\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) OH- hết, H+ còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,32}{0,2+0,3}=0,64\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,64\right)\approx0,19\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
DD HCl + H2SO4: pH=1=>[H+]=0,1M => nH+=0,1*0,1=0,01mol
DD NaOH: nOH-=a*0,1 mol
pH sau pứ =12=> môi trường bazo => [OH- dư]=10-2 M=0,01M
=> nOH- dư=0,01*0,2=nOH--nH+
<=>0,002=a*0,1-0,01 => Giải ra a=...
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{KOH}=0,03mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,027mol\)
\(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
bđ 0,3 0,027 0
pư 0,027 0,027 0,027
kt 0,273 0 0,027
\(\left[OH\right]^-_{dư}=\dfrac{0.273}{0,15+0,15}=0,91\)
\(\Rightarrow pH_A=-log\left(\dfrac{10^{-14}}{0,91}\right)=13,96\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(pH=10\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-4}\)
\(n_{OH^-}=10^{-4}.0,1=10^{-5}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,1.2.0,01=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=2,99.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{2,99.10^{-3}}{0,2}=0,01495M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH\approx1,83\)
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