Tìm GTLN và GTNN của \(P=-3x^2-x+4\) với \(-1\le x\le3\)
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Ta có:
\(P=f\left(x\right)=-3x^2-x+4,\left(a=-3,b=-1,c=4\right)\)có đồ thị là 1 Parapol có bề lõm hướng xuống vì \(a< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\) đạt GTLN tại \(x=-\frac{b}{2a}=-\frac{-1}{2.\left(-3\right)}=-\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow maxP=f\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)=-3\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2-\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)+4=\frac{49}{12}\).
Vì \(-1\le-\frac{1}{6}\le3\) nên P sẽ tăng khi \(-1\le x< -\frac{1}{6}\) và P sẽ giảm khi \(-\frac{1}{6}< x\le3\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=-3\left(-1\right)^2-\left(-1\right)+4=2\)
\(f\left(3\right)=-3\left(3\right)^2-\left(3\right)+4=-26\)
\(\Rightarrow minP=f\left(3\right)=-26\)
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\(a,\dfrac{x^2+x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}}=2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(y=\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)\)
\(=3x-x^2+6-2x\)
\(=-x^2+x+6\)
=>y'=-2x+1
Đặt y'=0
=>-2x+1=0
=>-2x=-1
=>\(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+2\right)\left(3-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{2}\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
\(f\left(-2\right)=\left(-2+2\right)\left(3+2\right)=0\)
\(f\left(3\right)=\left(3+2\right)\left(3-3\right)=0\)
=>\(y_{max\left[-2;3\right]}=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
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1) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski
P = \(6\sqrt{x-1}+8\sqrt{3-x}\le\sqrt{\left(6^2+8^2\right)\left(x-1+3-x\right)}=10\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy Min P = \(10\sqrt{2}\) khi x = 43/25
2) a) \(\Rightarrow A-5=y-2x=4y.\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(-6x\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopski
\(\Rightarrow\left(A-5\right)^2=\left(4y.\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(-6x\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\) \(\le\left(16y^2+36x^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)=\dfrac{25}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{5}{4}\le A-5\le\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{15}{4}\le A\le\dfrac{25}{4}\)
...........
b) tương tự
+) Ta có:
\(P=-3x^2-x+4=-\left(3x^2+x+\dfrac{3}{36}\right)+\dfrac{49}{12}\)
\(=-\left(\sqrt{3}\cdot x+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{12}\)
Vì: \(-\left(\sqrt{3}\cdot x+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left(\sqrt{3}\cdot x+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)+\dfrac{49}{12}\le\dfrac{49}{12}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{3}\cdot x+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Vậy \(MAX_P=\dfrac{49}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)