A là dd HCl có aM, B là Ba(OH)2 có bM. Trộn 300ml A vào 100ml B thu được dd có pH= 13. Tính a, b( xem như khi pha trộn, Vdd không thay đổi)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=0,1.1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2 + CaCl2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => CuCl2 hết, Ca(OH)2 dư
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2\(\downarrow\) + CaCl2
_____0,15---->0,15-------->0,15---------->0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Ca\left(OH\right)_2dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3-0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Khối lượng giảm = khối lượng H2O sinh ra
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,9}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
_____0,05<-----------0,05<----0,05
=> mCu(OH)2 = (0,15-0,05).98 = 9,8 (g)
=> mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4(g)
c) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{SO_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,15.80}{100}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + SO2 --> CaSO3\(\downarrow\) + H2O
_____________0,12------>0,12
=> mCaSO3 = 0,12.120 = 14,4(g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(n_{OH^-}=10^{-1}.V_A\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=10^{-2}.V_B\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-dư}=10^{-2}.\left(V_A+V_B\right)\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{OH^-}-n_{OH^-dư}=n_{H^+}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10^{-1}.V_A-10^{-2}.\left(V_A+V_B\right)=10^{-2}.V_B\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,09V_A=0,02V_B\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{V_A}{V_B}=\dfrac{2}{9}\)
b, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_A+V_B=0,55\\\dfrac{V_A}{V_B}=\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_A=0,1\left(l\right)\\V_B=0,45\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cl^-}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=\dfrac{1}{2}.10^{-2}.0,1=0,0005\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaCl_2}=0,104\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{OH^-dư}=\dfrac{1}{2}.10^{-2}.0,55=0,00275\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,047025\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,047025}{0,047025+0,104}.100\%=31,14\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{BaCl_2}=62,86\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{n}{v}=>^nHCl=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{MddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{n}{v}=>^nBa\left(OH\right)_2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(2HCl+Ba\left(OH\right)_2->BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
0,06 0,03
\(\dfrac{0,06}{3}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}=>Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)dư => làm quỳ tím chuyển màu xanh
Khi cô cặn dd X thì có 0,01 mol \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)dư và 0,03 mol \(BaCl_2\)
=> \(^mcr=0,01.171+0,03.208=7,95\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(n_{H^+}=0,3\times0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=2\times a\times0,2=0,4a\left(mol\right)\)
Theo bài \(PH=12\) là môi trường bazo. Vậy OH- hết
PT: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
o,4a 0,4a (mol)
\(\Rightarrow H^+dư=0,015-0,4a\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{0,015-0,4a}{0,5}=10^{-12}\Leftrightarrow a=0,375\left(M\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H^+}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,2a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: pH = 12
=> \(\dfrac{0,015-0,2a}{0,5}=10^{-12}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,075\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đáp án D
pH =1 => [H+] = 0,1 => n H + = 01.01 = 0,01 mol.
n O H - = 0,1a
pH =12 => [H+] = 10-12 => [OH-] =10-2 => n O H - dư = 0,01.(0,1+0,1) = 0,002 mol
=> 0,1a - 0,01 = 0,002 => a = 0,12.
\(pH=13\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-13}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-dư}=10^{-1}.0,4=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+pư}=a\left(mol\right);n_{OH^-pư}=2b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,04+a=2b\Leftrightarrow2b-a=0,04\)