Cho ba số a,b,c thỏa mãn : a.b.c=1. Tính :
B=\(\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+b+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+c+ca}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Hiển nhiên \(a;b;c\ne0\)
Đặt \(a^2-ab=b^2-bc-c^2-ca=k\ne0\) (do a;b;c phân biệt và khác 0)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=\dfrac{k}{a}\\b-c=\dfrac{k}{b}\\c-a=\dfrac{k}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)=\dfrac{k}{a}+\dfrac{k}{b}+\dfrac{k}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow0=\dfrac{k}{a}+\dfrac{k}{b}+\dfrac{k}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow k\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{0}{k}=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài toán cơ bản:
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Tách biểu thức như sau:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{12}+\dfrac{c}{6}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{b}{24}+\dfrac{2}{ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{16}+\dfrac{c}{8}+\dfrac{2}{bc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{c}{6}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)+\left(\dfrac{13a}{18}+\dfrac{13b}{24}\right)+\left(\dfrac{13b}{48}+\dfrac{13c}{24}\right)\)
Đầu tiên em phải dự đoán được điểm rơi (các cặp a;b;c đẹp sao cho \(ab=12\) và \(bc=8\), có các bộ là \(\left(6;2;4\right);\left(3;4;2\right)\)
Sau đó thay 2 bộ kia vào P xem cái nào bằng \(\dfrac{121}{12}\) thì nó đúng (ở đây là 3;4;2)
Khi có điểm rơi, bây giờ chỉ cần tính toán và ghép theo AM-GM để khử tử- mẫu
Cần ghép \(\dfrac{8}{abc}+\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}\) (AM-GM 4 số sẽ khử hết biến)
\(\dfrac{8}{abc}=\dfrac{8}{3.4.2}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{3}{x}=\dfrac{4}{y}=\dfrac{2}{z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow x=9;y=12;z=6\)
Hay ta có bộ đầu tiên: \(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{12}+\dfrac{c}{6}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\)
Tương tự cho các biến dưới mẫu còn lại, phần dư cuối cùng sẽ ghép cặp a với b (tận dụng \(ab\ge12\)) và b với c, nó sẽ tự đủ
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt A = \(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}=0\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b-c}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c-a}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{ab+bc+ca+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{ab+bc+ca+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+b+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+c+ca}=\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{a}{a+ab+abc}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+abc+abca}\)
vì abc =1 nên B=\(\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{a}{a+ab+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+1+a}=\dfrac{1+a+ab}{a+1+ab}=1\)
chúc bạn học tót ^^
uhm, cảm ơn bạn nhìu nheeeeeeee :)