Hòa tan a gam Al và b gam Zn vào dung dịch axit H2SO4 dư thu được những thể tích khí H2 bằng nhau . Tinh tỉ lệ a:b
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi \(n_{H_2}=x\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{2}{3}x\) x ( mol )
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(x\) x ( mol )
\(a:b=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}x.27}{65x}=\dfrac{18x}{65x}=\dfrac{18}{65}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{a}{27} (mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = \dfrac{a}{18}(mol)$
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{b}{65}(mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{b}{65}(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{18} = \dfrac{b}{65}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{18}{65}$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl3+3H2 (1)
Zn+2HCl-->ZnCl2+H2 (2)
Gọi số mol của H2 ở 2 pt là a(mol)
Số mol của Al là:
nAl=2/3nH2=2/3.a(mol)
K/lượng của Al là:
m=n.M=2/3a.27=18a(g)
Số mol của Zn là:
nZn=nH2=a(mol)
K/lượng của Zn là:
m=n.M=a.65(g)
Tỉ lệ a,b là:
a/b=mAl/mZn=18a/65a=18/65
Vậy tỉ lệ a/b là 18/65
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giả sử có 1 mol \(H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{2}{3}\) 1 1 ( mol )
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.27=18g\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1.98=98g\)
\(a:b=\dfrac{18}{98}=\dfrac{9}{49}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
TN1: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m_1}{56}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m_1}{56}\left(mol\right)\)
TN2: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_2}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_2}{18}\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: \(V_2=1,5V_1\Rightarrow\dfrac{V_1}{V_2}=\dfrac{1}{1,5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_1}{n_2}=\dfrac{n_{H_2\left(Fe\right)}}{n_{H_2\left(Al\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{m_1}{56}}{\dfrac{m_2}{18}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{m_1}{m_2}=\dfrac{56}{27}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=3a\left(mol\right)\\ m_X=27,8=a\left(27+56\right)+3a.65\\ a=0,1\\ n_{HCl}=0,375.0,8=0,3mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45mol\\ n_{H^{^+}}=0,3+0,9=1,2mol\\ BT.e^{^{ }-}:3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=3a+2a+6a=1,1mol\\ 2n_{H_2}=4n_{H^{^+}}=4,8mol\\ 1,1< 4,8\Rightarrow X:pư.hết\\ 2n_{H_2}=1,1\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,55mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,55.22,4=12,32L\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
_ Khi tác dụng với HCl.
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,45.2 ⇒ 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,9 (1)
_ Khi tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc nóng.
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 2c + 3d = 0,475.2
⇒ 2a + 2b - 2c + 3d = 0,95 (2)
Trừ 2 vế của (1) và (2), có: c = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025.64}{14,7}.100\%\approx10,88\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b+2c+3d=0,475\cdot2\\2a+2b+3d=0,45\cdot2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2c=0,475\cdot2-0,45\cdot2=0,05\) \(\Rightarrow c=0,025\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot64}{14,7}\cdot100\%\approx10,88\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
Giả sự đều sinh ra 1 mol H2
2Al+3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2/3_______________________1
=>a=2/3.27=18
Zn+H2SO4--->ZnSO4+H2
1___________________1
=>b=65
===> a/b=18/65