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\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow yz=-xy-zx\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+yz-xy-zx}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}\) ; \(\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)-zx\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=1\)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh một bổ đề sau: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Thật vậy, ta phân tích
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).
Hiển nhiên nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(P=0\) hay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\), bổ đề được chứng minh.
Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) nên áp dụng bổ đề, ta được \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\).
Vì vậy \(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}\) \(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\) \(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\). Ta có đpcm
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
A=\(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}-\dfrac{3}{xyz}+\dfrac{3}{xyz}\right)=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\)
bạn tự chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}-\dfrac{3}{xyz}=0\) nha
đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x}=a;\dfrac{1}{y}=b;\dfrac{1}{z}=c\)
bài toán thành \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) nha
Bài này ez thôi, làm mãi rồi.
Theo đề bài, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\)
=> xy+yz+zx=0
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-yz-zx\\yz=-xy-zx\\zx=-xy-yz\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: x2+2yz=x2+yz-xy-zx=(x-y)(x-z)
y2+2xz=y2+xz-xy-yz=(x-y)(z-y)
z2+2xy=z2+xy-yz-xz=(x-z)(y-z)
=> \(\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\Leftrightarrow yz=-xy-xz\)
Ta có \(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right);z^2-2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(x-y\right)-xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)\left(xz-yz\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(xz-xy\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\\ A=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=1\)
Bài 1:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$
$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$
Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$
Áp dụng vào bài:
Nếu $a+b+c=0$
$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$
Nếu $a=b=c$
$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$
\(x,y,z\ne0\)
-Ta c/m: -Với \(a+b+c=0\) thì: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Quay lại bài toán:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3-3x^2y^2z^2+3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=\dfrac{0.\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=3\)
Biến đổi vế trái ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)*
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)*\(=-3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
cũng có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\) Thay vào biểu thức trên ta được
\(-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=3abc\)
\(VT=VP\)=> đpcm
vì \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
ta có \(B=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\Rightarrow B=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\)