Cho a,b \(\in\) Z và b >0. So sánh 2 số hữu tỉ
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\)và \(\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)
Nhanh nháaaaaa
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\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>1\cdot b=b\\ \dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\cdot b=b\\ b,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\\ \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(c,\forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{a-b}{b}>\dfrac{a-b}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;a-b>0\right)=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b-a}{b}>\dfrac{b-a}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;b-a>0\right)=1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}>1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(=1\right)\)
A = \(\dfrac{2008}{2009+2010+2011}+\dfrac{2009}{2009+2010+2011}+\dfrac{2010}{2009+2010+2011}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2008}{2009}>\dfrac{2008}{2009+2010+2011}\)
\(\dfrac{2009}{2010}>\dfrac{2009}{2009+2010+2011}\)
\(\dfrac{2010}{2011}>\dfrac{2010}{2009+2010+2011}\)
Từ 3 điều trên suy ra : A < B
Cho \(a,b\in\mathbb{Z},b>0\). So sánh hai số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) và \(\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) ?
Xét tích \(a\left(b+2001\right)=ab+2001a\).
\(b\left(a+2001\right)=ab+2001b\). Vì \(b>0\) nên \(b+2001>0\).
a) Nếu \(a>b\) thì \(ab+2001a>ab+2001b\)
\(a\left(b+2001\right)>b\left(a+2001\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) (theo bài 5).
b) Tương tự (theo bài 5) nếu \(a< b\) thì \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
c) Nếu \(a=b\) thì rõ ràng \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
Nếu a,b cùng dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\)
Nếu a,b khác dấu thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 0\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b>0\\a\le0,b< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\ge0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0,b< 0\\a\le0,b>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\le0\)
(Sửa \(cn-bm\rightarrow cn-dm\))
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad-bc=1\\cn-dm=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad=1+bc\\cn=1+dm\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{d}{c}=\dfrac{ad}{bc}=\dfrac{1+bc}{bc}=1+\dfrac{1}{bc}>1\left(bc>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{b}>y=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{c}{d}.\dfrac{n}{m}=\dfrac{cn}{dm}=\dfrac{1+dm}{dm}=1+\dfrac{1}{dm}>1\left(dc>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{c}{d}>z=\dfrac{m}{n}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow x>y>z\)
Ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+2010\right)}{b\left(b+2010\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2010a}{b\left(b+2010\right)}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}=\dfrac{b\left(a+2010\right)}{b\left(b+2010\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2010b}{b\left(2010+b\right)}\) (2)
Nếu \(a=b\Rightarrow2010a=2010b\) nên từ 1 và 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)
Nếu a>b \(\Rightarrow2010a>2010b\) nên tư 1 và 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)
Nếu a<b \(\Rightarrow2010a< 2010b\) nên từ 1 va 2 suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2010}{b+2010}\)