\(\text{Giải PT: }\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x+1}=8x^2+16x-24\)
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Hết cách òi chỉ còn cách này thôi :
ĐK -1/3 <=x <= 1
Dễ thấy x = 1 là nghiệm đúng của pt
với 1 < x < 5 => \(\sqrt{5-x}2\)
=> VT = \(\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x+1}8.1+16.1-24=0\)
=> với -1/3 < x < 1 => \(\sqrt{5-x}>2;\sqrt{3x+1}0\)
VP \(
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- TXD :R => \(\sqrt{x^2-8x+16}-x=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)^2}-x=2\)\(\Rightarrow|x-4|-x=2\)
- Nếu \(x\ge4\)phương trình trở thành \(\Leftrightarrow x-4-x=2\Leftrightarrow-4=2\left(Vl\right)\)
- Nếu \(x< 4\)phương trình trở thành \(\Leftrightarrow4-x-x=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
- Câu 2 : Đk \(x\ge0\)ta có \(\sqrt{x}\left(3-2\sqrt{9}+\sqrt{16}\right)=5\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(3-2.3+4\right)=5\)\(\sqrt{x}=5\Leftrightarrow x=25\left(tm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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a.
\(3\sqrt[3]{3\left(x+1\right)+2}=\left(x+1\right)^3-2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{3\left(x+1\right)+2}=y\) ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=\left(x+1\right)^3-2\\3\left(x+1\right)+2=y^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y+2=\left(x+1\right)^3\\3\left(x+1\right)+2=y^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3-y^3=3y-3\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1-y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+3\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=3\left(x+1\right)+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)^2=0\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3-\left(6x+1\right)+2x-\sqrt[3]{6x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a\\\sqrt[3]{6x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt[3]{6x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3-6x-1=0\)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=8x^3-6x-1\)
\(f\left(x\right)\) là hàm đa thức nên liên tục trên R, đồng thời \(f\left(x\right)\) bậc 3 nên có tối đa 3 nghiệm
\(f\left(-1\right)=-3< 0\) ; \(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=1>0\) \(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right).f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(-1;-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\) (1)
\(f\left(0\right)=-1\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(-\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\) (2)
\(f\left(1\right)=1\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).f\left(1\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(0;1\right)\) (3)
Từ (1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\) cả 3 nghiệm của \(f\left(x\right)\) đều thuộc \(\left(-1;1\right)\)
Do đó, ta chỉ cần tìm nghiệm của \(f\left(x\right)\) với \(x\in\left(-1;1\right)\)
Do \(x\in\left(-1;1\right)\), đặt \(x=cosu\)
\(\Rightarrow8cos^3u-6cosu-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(4cos^3u-3cosu\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos3u=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3u=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3u=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\3u=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\\u=-\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là: \(x=cosu=\left\{cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{9}\right);cos\left(\dfrac{5\pi}{9}\right);cos\left(\dfrac{7\pi}{9}\right)\right\}\)
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2: ĐKXĐ: x>=0
\(\sqrt{3x}-2\sqrt{12x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\sqrt{27x}=-4\)
=>\(\sqrt{3x}-2\cdot2\sqrt{3x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt{3x}=-4\)
=>\(\sqrt{3x}-4\sqrt{3x}+\sqrt{3x}=-4\)
=>\(-2\sqrt{3x}=-4\)
=>\(\sqrt{3x}=2\)
=>3x=4
=>\(x=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(nhận\right)\)
3:
ĐKXĐ: x>=0
\(3\sqrt{2x}+5\sqrt{8x}-20-\sqrt{18}=0\)
=>\(3\sqrt{2x}+5\cdot2\sqrt{2x}-20-3\sqrt{2}=0\)
=>\(13\sqrt{2x}=20+3\sqrt{2}\)
=>\(\sqrt{2x}=\dfrac{20+3\sqrt{2}}{13}\)
=>\(2x=\dfrac{418+120\sqrt{2}}{169}\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{209+60\sqrt{2}}{169}\left(nhận\right)\)
4: ĐKXĐ: x>=-1
\(\sqrt{16x+16}-\sqrt{9x+9}=1\)
=>\(4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}=1\)
=>\(\sqrt{x+1}=1\)
=>x+1=1
=>x=0(nhận)
5: ĐKXĐ: x<=1/3
\(\sqrt{4\left(1-3x\right)}+\sqrt{9\left(1-3x\right)}=10\)
=>\(2\sqrt{1-3x}+3\sqrt{1-3x}=10\)
=>\(5\sqrt{1-3x}=10\)
=>\(\sqrt{1-3x}=2\)
=>1-3x=4
=>3x=1-4=-3
=>x=-3/3=-1(nhận)
6: ĐKXĐ: x>=3
\(\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{x-3}+\dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{x-3}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=>\(\sqrt{x-3}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{6}-1\right)=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=>\(\sqrt{x-3}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{6}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
=>\(\sqrt{x-3}=\dfrac{2}{3}:\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=\dfrac{12}{3}=4\)
=>x-3=16
=>x=19(nhận)
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a.
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x+1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x^2-2x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{4x^2+2x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(2a^2-b^2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{3}b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2=b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)=4x^2+2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b.
\(x^2-3x+1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2-b^2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}ab=0\)
Lặp lại cách làm câu a
Điều kiên: 5 - x \(\ge\) 0 ; 3x + 1 \(\ge\) 0 <=> 5 \(\ge\) x \(\ge\) -1/3
PT <=> \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}=8.\left(x-1\right).\left(x+3\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{5-x-3x-1}{\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}-8.\left(x-1\right).\left(x+3\right)=0\)
<=> \(\frac{4\left(1-x\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}+8.\left(1-x\right).\left(x+3\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{4}{\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}+8.\left(x+3\right)\right).\left(1-x\right)=0\)
<=> 1 - x = 0 (Vì \(\frac{4}{\left(\sqrt{5-x}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}+8.\left(x+3\right)>0\) với x thuộc đkxd)
<=> x = 1 (t/m)
Vậy x = 1