Đốt cháy hết a gam khí Axetilen (C2H2) trong bình chứa 1,12 lít không khí ( Oxi chiếm 20% thể tích ) thì sau phản ứng thu được b gam hơi nước và c lít khí Cacbonic. Tính giá trị a, b, c biết các khí đo ở ĐKTC.
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ a,2C_2H_2+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)4CO_2+2H_2O\\ b,n_{CO_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CO_2}=0,25.44=11\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}.0,125=0,3125\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3125.22,4=7\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{kk\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{100}{20}.7=35\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_C\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{10,8}{18}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
m = mC + mH = 0,4.12 + 1,2.1 = 6 (g)
b, Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
⇒ mO2 = 22,4 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{32}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,7.22,4=15,68\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{15,68}{20\%}=78,4\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{52,8}{44}=1,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{10,8}{18}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)
Mol: 0,6 1,5 1,2 0,6
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{C_2H_2}=0,6.26=15,6\left(g\right)\)
Ta có:\(V_{kk}=5.V_{O_2}=5.1,5.22,4=168\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bạn tham khảo tại đây nhé
https://sites.google.com/site/hoahocquan10/bai-tap/bai-tap-hoa-8/hoa-8-chuong-iv
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
C2H4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O
0,25---0,5-------0,25
nC2H4=0,25 mol
VCO2=0,25.22,4=5,6
Vkk=0,5.5.22,4=56l
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nC = 4,8/12 = 0,4 mol
nS = 6,4/32 = 0,2 mol
a. C + O2 -> (nhiệt độ) CO2
S + O2 -> (nhiệt độ) SO2
nO2 = nC + nS = 0,6 mol
=> nN2 = 4 x nO2 = 2,4 mol
=> n không khí = 3 mol => V = 67,2 L
b. mB = 44 x 0,4 + 64 x 0,2 = 30,4 g
nB = 0,6 mol
=> M(trung bình của B) = 30,4/0,6 = 50,67 g/mol
PTHH: 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 2H2O + 4CO2
VO2(đktc) = \(\frac{1,12\times20}{100}=0,244\left(lít\right)\)
=> nO2 = 0,224 / 22,4 = 0,01 (mol)
nC2H2 = 0,004(mol)
=> a = 0,004 x 26 = 0,104 (gam)
nH2O = 0,004 (mol)
=> mH2O = 0,004 x 18 = 0,072 (gam) = b
nCO2 = 0,008 (mol)
=> VCO2(đktc) = 0,008 x 22,4 = 0,1792(lít) = c