Cho a,b,c là các số dương và a+b+c=1.Tìm GTNN của biểu thức:A=a3+b3+c3.
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Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(5,M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\\ M=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab\right]\\ M=1\left(1-3ab\right)=1-3ab\ge1-\dfrac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=1-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 5:
\(a+b=1\Rightarrow a=1-b\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(1-b\right)^3+b^3=1-3b+3b^2-b^3+b^3\)
\(=1-3b+3b^2=3\left(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=3\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(minM=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 7:
\(a^3+b^3+abc\ge ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+abc-ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-a^2b-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)(đúng do a,b dương)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
5.
Với mọi a;b ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)=a^2+b^2-ab\)
\(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
6.
Do \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=2>0\)
Mà \(a^2-ab+b^2>0\Rightarrow a+b>0\)
Mặt khác với mọi a;b ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow-ab\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Từ đó:
\(2=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3-3.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3\le8\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)
\(N_{max}=2\) khi \(a=b=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Do \(0\le a,b,c\le1\)
nên\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\\\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\\\left(c^2-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2b-b-a^2+1\ge0\\b^2c-c-b^2+1\ge0\\c^2a-a-c^2+1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2b\ge a^2+b-1\\b^2c\ge b^2+c-1\\c^2a\ge c^2+a-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta cũng có:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\le a^2+b+b^2+c+c^2+a\)
Do đó \(T=2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\le a^2+b+b^2+c+c^2+a\)\(-\left(a^2+b-1+b^2+c-1+c^2+a-1\right)\)
\(=3\)
Vậy GTLN của T=3, đạt được chẳng hạn khi \(a=1;b=0;c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=1\)'
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\b+c=0\\c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a+b=0\), các trường hợp còn lại làm tương tự.
Khi đó từ \(a+b+c=1\) suy ra \(c=1\) (thỏa mãn). Thế thì \(T=0^{2023}+0^{2023}+1^{2023}=1\).
Như vậy \(T=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 9:
\(a,\left(a+1\right)^2\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2a+1\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(b,\) Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{a}\cdot2\sqrt{b}\cdot2\sqrt{c}=8\sqrt{abc}=8\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Câu 10:
\(a,\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(b,\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Câu 13:
\(M=\left(a^2+ab+\dfrac{1}{4}b^2\right)-3\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}b^2-\dfrac{3}{2}b+2021\\ M=\left[\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}\right]+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+2018\\ M=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+2018\ge2018\\ M_{min}=2018\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Câu 6:
$2=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)>0$
$\Rightarrow a+b>0$
$4(a^3+b^3)-N^3=4(a^3+b^3)-(a+b)^3$
$=3(a^3+b^3)-3ab(a+b)=(a+b)(a-b)^2\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow N^3\leq 4(a^3+b^3)=8$
$\Rightarrow N\leq 2$
Vậy $N_{\max}=2$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$
$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$
Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$
Áp dụng vào bài:
Nếu $a+b+c=0$
$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$
Nếu $a=b=c$
$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a+b+c=1; a>0; b>0; c>0
=>a>=b>=c>=0
=>a(a-c)>=b(b-c)>=0
=>a(a-b)(a-c)>=b(a-b)(b-c)
=>a(a-b)(a-c)+b(b-a)(b-c)>=0
mà (a-c)(b-c)*c>=0 và c(c-a)(c-b)>=0
nên a(a-b)(a-c)+b(b-a)(b-c)+(a-c)(b-c)*c>=0
=>a^3+b^3+c^3+3acb>=a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+b^2a+c^2b+c^2a
=>a^3+b^3+c^3+6abc>=(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)
=>a^3+b^3+c^3+6abc>=(ab+bc+ac)
mà a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)
nên 2(a^3+b^3+c^3)+3acb>=a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+bc+ac(ĐPCM)
Công Chúa Giá Băng trên mạng ko có à