Cho 13,5g Al vào 300g dd H2SO4 9,8%
a.Viết PTHH và tính thể tích H2 sinh ra
b.Tính C% của dd sau phản ứng.
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\(a)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{15,6}\cdot100=34,62\%\\ \%m_{Al_2O_3}=100-34,62=65,38\%\\ b)n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\left(15,6-0,2.27\right)}{102}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,3+0,15\right).98}{9,8}\cdot100=450g\)
c) \(C_{\%Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,05\right)342}{15,6+450-0,3.2}\cdot100=11\%\)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Sửa: \(14,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{100\%.98}=0,3(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{200+5,4-0,3.2}.100\%=16,7\%\\ c,m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.342=34,2(g)\)
\(a,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot27=0,9\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}\approx0,017\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,017}{0,1}\approx0,17M\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8g\)
\(C_{\%}dd_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{58,8}{200}.100\%=29,4\%\)
c) Theo pt: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng
\(m_{dd_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right) _3}}=m_{Al}+m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}-m_{H_2}\)
\(=10,8+200-0,6.2=209,6g\)
\(C_{\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{68,4}{209,6}.100\%\approx32,6\%\)
\(a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{9,8\%}=300(g)\\ d,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{5,4+300-0,3.2}.100\%=11,22\%\)
nAl= 13,5 : 27 = 0,5 [mol] ; mH2SO4= 300 x 9x8 : 100= 29,4 [g]
=> n H2SO4= 29,4 : 98 = 0,3 [mol]
a/ PTHH :2 AL +3H2SO4 -> Al2[SO4]3 +3H2 [*]
mol pt: 2 3
Tỉ lệ : \(\frac{0,5}{2}>\frac{0,3}{3}\) => Al pư dư , H2SO4 pư hết
Nên từ pt [*] ta có : nH2 = nH2SO4= 0,3[mol]
=> VH2 = 0,3 x 22,4 = 6,72 lít ; m H2 = 0,6 g
b/ Theo pt [*] , nAl pư= 0,2 mol => nAl dư = 0,25 -0,2 = 0,05 mol
=> m al dư = 0,05 x 27 = 1,35 g
n Al2[SO4]3 = 0,1 [mol] => m Al2[SO4]3 = 0,1 x 342 = 34,2 g
mdd sau pư= 13,5 + 300 -1,35 - 0,6 = 311,55 g
=> C%dd = 34,2 : 311,55 x 100% = 10,98 %