\(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}-\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}\)
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\(=\sqrt{4x-1-2\sqrt{4x-1}+1}+\sqrt{4x-1+2\sqrt{4x-1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right|+\sqrt{4x-1}+1\)
\(=\left[{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{4x-1}\text{ nếu }x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\2\text{ nếu }\dfrac{1}{4}\le x< \dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1. \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+3}=x-2\)
<=> x2 - 4x + 3 = (x - 2)2
<=> x2 - 4x + 3 = x2 - 4x + 4
<=> x2 - x2 - 4x + 4x = 1
<=> 0 = 1 (Vô lí)
vậy PT có nghiệm là S = \(\varnothing\)
2. \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=x-1\)
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=x-1\)
<=> 2x - 1 = x - 1
<=> 2x - x = -1 + 1
<=> x = 0
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(y=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\left|2x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|\)
\(y=\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-3\left(\text{với }x\ge2\right)\\3-3x\left(\text{với }x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\x+1\left(\text{với }\dfrac{1}{2}\le x\le2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ đó ta có đồ thị hàm số như sau:
Từ đồ thị ta thấy phương trình \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=m\):
- Có đúng 1 nghiệm khi \(m=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
- Có 2 nghiệm phân biệt khi \(m>\dfrac{3}{2}\)
- Vô nghiệm khi \(m< \dfrac{3}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Em kiểm tra lại đề câu đầu.
b.
\(\sqrt{3x^2-6x+1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-6x+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c.
\(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=9\\2x-1=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 2$ hoặc $x=1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-1)(x-2)}=\sqrt{x-1}$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}(\sqrt{x-2}-1)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} \sqrt{x-1}=0\\ \sqrt{x-2}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ x=3\end{matrix}\right.\) (đều thỏa mãn)
b.
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-2)^2}=\sqrt{(2x-3)^2}$
$\Leftrightarrow |x-2|=|2x-3|$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x-2=2x-3\\ x-2=3-2x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ x=\frac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c. ĐKXĐ: $x=2$ hoặc $x\geq 3$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-2)(x-3)}=\sqrt{x-2}$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-2}(\sqrt{x-3}-1)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} \sqrt{x-2}=0\\ \sqrt{x-3}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=2\\ x=4\end{matrix}\right.\) (đều tm)
d.
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(2x-1)^2}=\sqrt{(x-3)^2}$
$\Leftrightarrow |2x-1|=|x-3|$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} 2x-1=x-3\\ 2x-1=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=-2\\ x=\frac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
d) \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=2\Leftrightarrow x-3=2\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
e) đk: \(x\ge2\)\(\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}=\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=1\Leftrightarrow x-2=1\Leftrightarrow x=3\)f) \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}\Leftrightarrow2x-1=x-3\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
c: Ta có: \(\sqrt{x+4\sqrt{x-4}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-4}+2\right|=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=0\)
hay x=4
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\sqrt{4x-2\sqrt{4x-1}}+\sqrt{4x+2\sqrt{4x-1}}\)(với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\))
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)+\left(\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{4x-1}\) (với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\))
Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}-\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|2x-1\right|-\left|2x+1\right|\)