Cho x,y,z là các số thực thỏa mãn : \(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2}{y}=\frac{x+y-3}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)+z . Tính \(A=2018x+y^{2019}+z^{2019}\)
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Đk: $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Pt $\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+3x-7=4(\sqrt{x^3+3x^2}-2)+2(\sqrt{2x-1}-1)$
$\Leftrightarrow +4\frac{(x-1)(x+2)^2}{\sqrt{x^3+3x^2}+2}+4\frac{x-1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-(x-1)(4x+7)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)[\frac{4(x+2)^2}{\sqrt{x^3+3x^2}+2}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-(4x+7)]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1\vee \frac{4(x+2)^2}{\sqrt{x^3+3x^2}+2}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-4x-7=0$ $(*)$
Xét hàm số $f(x)=\frac{4(x+2)^2}{\sqrt{x^3+3x^2}+2}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-4x-7,x\in [\frac{1}{2};+\infty )$ thì $f(x)>0,\forall x\in [\frac{1}{2};+\infty )$
$\Rightarrow $ Pt $(*)$ vô nghiệm
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\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)=> \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
=> (x+y+z)(xy+yz+zx) = xyz
=> \(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+yz^2+zx^2+z^2x+2xyz=0\)
=> (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) = 0
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: x = -y
=> \(\frac{1}{x^{2019}}+\frac{1}{y^{2019}}+\frac{1}{z^{2019}}=\frac{1}{\left(-y\right)^{2019}}+\frac{1}{y^{2019}}+\frac{1}{z^{2019}}=\frac{1}{z^{2019}}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}=\frac{1}{\left(-y\right)^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}=\frac{1}{z^{2019}}\)
=> ĐPCM
Tương tự với TH2 và TH3
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\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y+z-z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{zx+zy+z^2+xy}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[z\left(x+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=-y\) hoặc \(y=-z\) hoặc \(z=-x\)
\(\Rightarrow A=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3.\left(x+y\right).z.\left(x+y+z\right)-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right).\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3.\left(x+y\right).z\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right).\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx-3xz-3yz-3xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right).\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xz-yz-xy\right)=0\)
+ \(x+y+z=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(C=\frac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{0}\)( Loại )
+ \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xz-yz-xy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xz-2yz-2xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(C=\frac{x^{2019}+x^{2019}+x^{2019}}{\left(x+x+x\right)^{2019}}=\frac{3.x^{2019}}{3^{2019}.x^{2019}}=\frac{1}{3^{2018}}\)
Vậy.......
Từ x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
=> ( x + y + z )( x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - xz ) = 0 ( phân tích như bạn kia )
Vì x + y + z ≠ 0
=> x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - xz = 0
<=> 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 2xy - 2yz - 2xz = 0
<=> ( x - y )2 + ( y - z )2 + ( x - z )2 = 0
VT ≥ 0 ∀ x,y,z. Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Khi đó \(C=\frac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{\left(x+y+z\right)^{2019}}=\frac{3x^{2019}}{\left(3x\right)^{2019}}=\frac{3x^{2019}}{3^{2019}\cdot x^{2019}}=\frac{1}{3^{2018}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(A=\frac{2019}{x+xy+1}+\frac{2019}{y+yz+1}+\frac{2019}{z+zx+1}=2019\left(\frac{1}{x+xy+1}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z}{xz+xyz+z}+\frac{xz}{xyz+xyz^2+xz}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z}{xz+z+1}+\frac{xz}{1+z+xz}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)(vì xyz = 1)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z+xz+1}{xz+z+1}\right)=2019\)
Vậy A = 2019