cho \(a,b,c>0.\)\(Cmr:\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^2\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
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\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2ab+b^2}\ge\frac{a^3}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2};\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Nhân 1/2 vào 2 vế => đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
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\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\\=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{b}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{c}}{a+c}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Mà ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (BĐT Nesbit)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\frac{9}{4}\\ \Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)
\(=\left(\frac{a}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2+\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a}{b+c}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\cdot\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\) ( dpcm )