cho a,b>0 Tìm Min:\(A=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Áp dụng \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\forall x,y>0\)
Ta có: \(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(2+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(2+\frac{4}{a+b}\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(2+4\right)^2}{2}=18\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
b, Áp dụng \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\forall x,y,z>0\)
Ta có: \(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(3+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(3+\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(3+6\right)^2}{3}=27\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
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Cho a,b,c > 0 thỏa mãn a+b+c=1. Tìm Min \(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A\ge\frac{9}{a+2+b+2+c+2}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{9}{7}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có: \(1=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{9abc}\ge3\)
Do đó ta có:
\(A\ge\frac{9}{7}+3=\frac{30}{7}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\text{∑}_{cyc}\frac{a}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{9abc}=\text{∑}_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{\text{∑}_{cyc}\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{9abc}=P\)
Ta có \(P=\frac{9}{\frac{1}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)(Vì a + b + c = 1)
\(\ge\frac{9}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}{9}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
\(=\frac{81}{10}.\frac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{9abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{ab+bc+ca}}-\frac{21}{10}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}}-\frac{21}{10}=\frac{39}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge P\ge\frac{39}{10}\)
Dấu "=" khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(x=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}=x^2-2\)
Xét mẫu thức : \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}-\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)=x^2-x-2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
Thay \(x=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\) được mẫu thức : \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\right)=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\)
Ta có : \(P=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}-\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}}{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}.\frac{ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{ab}\) (đpcm)
b) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(1=4a+b+\sqrt{ab}\ge2\sqrt{4a.b}+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow5\sqrt{ab}\le1\Rightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{ab}\ge25\) . Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}4a+b+\sqrt{ab}=1\\4a=b\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{10}\\b=\frac{2}{5}\end{cases}\)
Vậy P đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất bằng 25 tại \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(\frac{1}{10};\frac{2}{5}\right)\)
pn ơi , bđt cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
s lại là \(2\sqrt{4a.b}+\sqrt{ab}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}+b-\frac{bc^2}{2c}+c-\frac{ca^2}{2c}\) (AM-GM)
\(\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}+b-\frac{bc}{2}+c-\frac{ac}{2}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vay MinP=3/2 dau = xay ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có : a>0 \(\Rightarrow a+1>1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+1}< \frac{a^2}{1}=a^2\)
Ta có :b>0\(\Rightarrow b+1>1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b^2}{b+1}< \frac{b^2}{1}=b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A< a^2+b^2\)
vì a;b>0\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+1+b+1}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+2}\)(bđt cauchy schawarz dạng engel)
dấu = xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{b}{b+1}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4+4}{a+b+2}=\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a+b+2\right)+4}{a+b+2}=a+b-2+\frac{4}{a+b+2}\)
\(=a+b+2+\frac{4}{a+b+2}-4>=2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+2\right)4}{a+b+2}}-4=2\cdot2-4=4-4=0\)(bđt cosi)
dáu = xảy ra khi \(a+b+2=\frac{4}{a+b+2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+2\right)^2=4\Rightarrow a+b+2=2\Rightarrow a+b=0\)\(\Rightarrow A>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+2}>=0\Rightarrow\)min A là 0
vậy min A là 0 khi \(\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{b}{b+1};a+b=0\)