Cho a,b là các số dương. Chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{ab}\)
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Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
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vì \(a+b+c=1\)
\(< =>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
ta có pt:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}\)
áp dụng bđt cô- si( cauchy) gọi pt là P
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge1+1+1+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
<=>ĐPCM
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Vì a+b+c=1 nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
Do đó
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2+b^2}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
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Xét hiệu :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{b+a}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
Có \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Mà a , b dương \(\Rightarrow\)\(ab\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
Hay \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}\)+ \(\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{b\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)b( a + b ) + a( a + b ) \(\ge\)4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab + b2 + a2 + ab - 4ab \(\ge\)0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a2 - 2ab + b2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)( a - b )2 \(\ge\)0 ( luôn đúng với \(\forall\)a , b)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
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1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương \(\frac{a}{bc}\) và \(\frac{b}{ca}\) ta có
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{abc^2}}=2.\frac{1}{c}\)
Làm tương tự ta được
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\)
\(\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo từng vế rồi chia cho 2. Ta được BĐT cần chứng minh.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bđt cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (Đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
<=> (a+b)2 >= 4ab (1)
<=> a2 +2ab+b2 >= 4ab
<=> a2 -2ab+b2>=0
<=> (a-b)2>=0 (2)
vi bat dang thuc (2) luon dung voi moi a,b nen bdt (1) duoc chung minh
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{b+a}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+2ab-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng ) ( do a;b > 0 )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\a;b>0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b>0\)
Vậy ...