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C9:
nP = 6,2/31 = 0,2 (mol)
nO2 = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
LTL: 0,2/4 > 0,2/5 => P dư
nP (p/ư) = 0,2/5 . 4 = 0,16 (mol)
nP (dư) = 0,2 - 0,16 = 0,04 (mol)
nP2O5 = 0,2/5 . 2 = 0,08 (mol)
mP2O5 = 0,08 . 142 = 11,36 (g)
C10:
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mR + mO2 = mRO
=> mO2 = 21,6 - 16,8 = 4,8 (g(
=> nO2 = 4,8/32 = 0,15 (mol)
PTHH: 2R + O2 -> (t°) 2RO
nR = 0,15 . 2 = 0,3 (mol)
M(R) = 16,8/0,3 = 56 (g/mol(
=> R là Fe
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.3}{2}< \dfrac{0.2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0.15\cdot142=21.3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.2-0.15\right)\cdot98=4.9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,2 0,4 0,2
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Fe đủ , HCl dư
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cl2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3\)
Ban đầu :___0,3___0,3_____________
\(\frac{0,3}{2}>\frac{0,3}{3}\Rightarrow\) Al dư , Cl hết
Phứng : ___0,2___0,3_________0,2
Dư : ____0,1_____0_______0,2__
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_{Dư}}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
( Dư 0,1mol)
\(m_{AlCl3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
nFe = 0,1 mol
nHCl = 0,3 mol
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,1 < 0,3/2 .....=> HCl dư sau phản ứng
nFeCl2 = 0,1 mol => CM = 0,1/0,2 = 0,5M
nHCl(dư) = 0,1 mol => CM = 0,1/0,2 = 0,5M
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe p/ứ hết, HCl còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(a,2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{32}=0,035mol\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1mol\)
\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,035}{1}\) => Cu dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Cu}\left(dư\right)=0,1-0,07=0,039\left(mol\right)\)
c, \(m_{CuO}=0,07.80=5,6g\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,67}{32}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,21}{3}\) => Al dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,21=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,14.102=14,28g\)
nFe = 5.6/56 = 0.1 (mol)
nHCl = 0.2*2 = 0.4 (mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
LTL : 0.1/1 < 0.4/2 => HCl dư
mHCl dư = ( 0.4 - 0.2 ) * 36.5 = 7.3 (g)
VH2 = 0.2*22.4 = 4.48 (l)
CM FeCl2 = 0.1/0.2 = 0.5(M)
CM HCl dư = 0.2 / 0.2 = 1(M)
Bài 1:
a, PT: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{31}{62}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{27}{18}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{1}< \dfrac{1,5}{1}\), ta được H2O dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=1.40=40\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O\left(pư\right)}=n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=1,5-0,5=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=1.18=18\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
a, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được CH4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,025.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m sản phẩm = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,075.44 + 0,15.18 = 6 (g)
PTHH: \(Fe+S\xrightarrow[]{t^o}FeS\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe còn dư, tính theo S
\(\Rightarrow n_{FeS}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeS}=0,1\cdot88=8,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)