a) đkxđ: \(a>0;a\ne1\)

Ta có:

\(P=\frac{a\sqrt{a}-1}{a-\sqrt{a}}-\frac{a\sqrt{a}+1}{a+\sqrt{a}}+\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\)

\(P=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}}.\frac{a+2\sqrt{a}+1+a-2\sqrt{a}+1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{a+\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}-\frac{a-\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{2a+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\sqrt{a}}\)

\(P=\frac{2\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)+2a+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\sqrt{a}}\)

\(P=\frac{2a+2\sqrt{a}+2a+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\sqrt{a}}\)

\(P=\frac{4a+2\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\sqrt{a}}\)

b) \(P=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a+2\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\sqrt{a}}=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a+2\sqrt{a}+2=7a+7\sqrt{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a+5\sqrt{a}-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(6\sqrt{a}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)\sqrt{a}+2\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)=0\)

Mà \(\sqrt{a}+2\ge2\left(\forall a\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{a}-1=0\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{a}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{9}\)

a) đkxđ: \(x\ne\pm1\)

Ta có:

\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}-\frac{x-1}{x+1}\right)\div\left(\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{x}{1-x}+\frac{2}{x^2-1}\right)\)

\(P=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\div\frac{x-1+x\left(x+1\right)+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{x^2+2x+1-x^2+2x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\div\frac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{4x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\div\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{4x}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)

b) Ta có: \(x=\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}+1\)

=> \(P=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1+1\right)^2}=\frac{4\sqrt{3}+4}{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)^2}=\frac{4+4\sqrt{3}}{7+4\sqrt{3}}\)

c) \(P=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4x}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3x^2-6x-3=4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+10x+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2+x\right)+\left(9x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{3}\\x=-3\end{cases}}\)

Giả sử phản chứng n ko chia hết cho 5 

=> n có dạng là 5a + 1; 5b + 2; 5c + 3; 5d + 4

TH1:   n = 5a + 1

=>   \(n^2=\left(5a+1\right)^2=25a^2+10a+1\)     ko chia hết cho 5

TH2:   n = 5b + 2

=>    \(n^2=\left(5b+2\right)^2=25b^2+20b+4\)    ko chia hết cho 5

TH3:   n = 5c + 3

=>   \(n^2=\left(5c+3\right)^2=25c^2+30c+9\)     ko chia hết cho 5

TH4:   n = 5d + 4

=>   \(n^2=\left(5d+4\right)^2=25d^2+40d+16\)  ko chia hết cho 5

VẬY QUA 4 TRƯỜNG HỢP THÌ TA THẤY ĐIỀU GIẢ SỬ LÀ SAI

=>    ĐIỀU PHẢI CHỨNG MINH:     \(n^2⋮5\Rightarrow n⋮5\)

Giả sử n² chia hết cho 5 và n không chia hết cho 5.

Nếu n=5k\(\pm\)1 \(\left(k\inℕ\right)\)thì \(n^2=25k^2\pm10k+1=5\left(5k^2\pm2k\right)+1⋮̸5\)

Nếu \(n=5k\pm2\left(k\inℕ\right)\)thì \(n^2=25k^2\pm20k+4=5\left(5k^2\pm4k\right)+4⋮̸5\)

Điều này mâu thuẫn với giả thiết n² chia hết cho 5

\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)-\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)

\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

VẬY \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

VẬY TA ĐÃ PHÂN TÍCH NHÂN TỬ XONG !!!!

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+2\sqrt{3}+1}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2-2\sqrt{3}+1}}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3}+1}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}\)

\(E=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)

\(E=\frac{6-2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{3}-3+6+2\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{3}-3}{9-3}\)

\(E=\frac{6+6-3-3}{6}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)

VẬY     \(E=1\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3}+1}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3}+1}\)

\(E=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}\)

\(E=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)

\(E=\frac{6+\sqrt{3}-3+6-\sqrt{3}-3}{9-3}\)

\(E=\frac{6}{6}=1\)

BĐT CẦN CM <=>   \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge a+b+c\)

<=>   \(a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)\ge a+b+c\)

<=>   \(2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\right)\ge0\)

<=>   \(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\ge0\)

THỰC TẾ LÀ    \(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}>0\)    nhé do    \(a;b;c>0\)     mà !!!!!!

Bình phương 2 vế BĐT , ta có :

\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}>0\left(\forall a,b,c>0\right)\)

=) ĐPCM

Cái phần CMR:   \(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2\le3\left(b-2\right)\)     phải là giả thiết chứ nhỉ ??

ĐỀ GỐC BÀI NÀY LÀ ĐỀ CỦA CHUYÊN HƯNG YÊN NHÉ, THẦY CẬU RA LẠI THÔI !!!!!

DO:   \(a\ge1;b\ge2;c\ge3\Rightarrow a-1;b-2;c-3\ge0\)

ĐẶT:   \(a-1=x;b-2=y;c-3=z\)

=>     \(gt\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x;y;z\ge0\\x^2+y^2+z^2\le3y\end{cases}}\)

=>   \(a=x+1;b=y+2;c=z+3\)

=>   \(P=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}+\frac{8}{\left(z+3\right)^2}\)

TA ÁP DỤNG 2 BĐT SAU:   \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+1\right)\\\left(z+3\right)^2\le4\left(z^2+3\right)\end{cases}}\)

=>   \(P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)}+\frac{8}{4\left(z^2+3\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)

=>   \(P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)}+\frac{4}{2\left(z^2+3\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)

=>   \(P\ge\frac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+z^2\right)+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)      (BĐT CAUCHY - SCHWARZ)

=>   \(P\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x^2+z^2\right)+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)

MÀ:   \(x^2+z^2\le3y-y^2\)     (gt)

=>   \(P\ge\frac{9}{2\left(3y-y^2\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}=\frac{9}{6y-2y^2}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)

TA SẼ CHỨNG MINH    \(\frac{9}{6y-2y^2+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\ge1\)

<=>   \(\left(y-2\right)^2\left(2y^2+10y+9\right)\ge0\)         (*)

 (CHỖ NÀY CẬU QUY ĐỒNG MẪU SỐ, RÚT GỌN RỒI PHÂN TÍCH NHÂN TỬ SẼ RA ĐƯỢC NHƯ THẾ NÀY, MÌNH LÀM TẮT NHA)

DO:   \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\\2y^2+10y+9\ge9>0\left(y\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)

VẬY BĐT (*) LUÔN ĐÚNG !!!!!!

=>   \(P\ge1\)

DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=>   \(x=z=1;y=2\)

<=>   \(a=2;b=4;c=4\)

Đề cho vậy đó, bn CM cái "giả thiết" giúp mk với:)

TA XÉT PHÂN THỨC TỔNG QUÁT SAU:   

\(A=\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n+1}+\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}.\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)

\(A=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)

\(A=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}\)

\(A=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

THAY LẦN LƯỢT CÁC GIÁ TRỊ n từ 1 => 2021 vào ta được: 

=>    \(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}}\)

=>   \(A=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}}=\frac{\sqrt{2021}-1}{\sqrt{2021}}\)

VẬY    \(A=\frac{\sqrt{2021}-1}{\sqrt{2021}}.\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)\sqrt{a}+a.\sqrt{a-1}}=\frac{a-\left(a-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a-1}.\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}\right)}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a-1}.\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a-1}}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a-1}}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a-1}}-\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a-1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\)

Thay lần lượt các giá trị của a bằng \(2;3;4;........;2021\)ta được:

\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+.........+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2020}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2021}}\)

gt <=>   \(x\sqrt{1-y^2}=1-y\sqrt{1-x^2}\)

<=>   \(x^2\left(1-y^2\right)=1+y^2\left(1-x^2\right)-2y\sqrt{1-x^2}\)

<=>   \(x^2-x^2y^2=1+y^2-x^2y^2-2y\sqrt{1-x^2}\)

<=>   \(2y\sqrt{1-x^2}=y^2-x^2+1\)

<=>   \(4y^2\left(1-x^2\right)=\left(y^2-x^2+1\right)^2\)

<=>   \(4y^2-4x^2y^2=x^4+y^4+1-2x^2y^2-2x^2+2y^2\)

<=>   \(x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2-2x^2-2y^2+1=0\)

<=>   \(\left(x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=0\)

<=>   \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=0\)

<=>   \(\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)^2=0\)

<=>   \(x^2+y^2-1=0\)

<=>   \(x^2+y^2=1\)

VẬY TA CÓ ĐPCM.

Bài của Hermit thiếu điều kiện xác định + bài làm dài 

 \(-1\le x;y\le1\) theo bài ra ta có:

\(x\sqrt{1-y^2}+y\sqrt{1-x^2}\le\left|x\right|\sqrt{1-y^2}+\left|y\right|\sqrt{1-y^2}\)

\(=\left|x\right|\sqrt{1-y^2}+\left|y\right|\sqrt{1-x^2}\le\frac{x^2+1-y^2}{2}+\frac{y^2+1-x^2}{2}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x\right|=\sqrt{1-y^2}\\\left|y\right|=\sqrt{1-x^2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x^2=1-y^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=1\left(đpcm\right)}\)