Tìm 3 số a,b,c biết : \(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=\dfrac{b-2}{3}=\dfrac{c-3}{4}\) và a - 2b + 3c = 14
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b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{2a}{3}=\dfrac{3b}{4}=\dfrac{4c}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)
Khi đó \(a=12.\dfrac{3}{2}=18;b=12.\dfrac{4}{3}=16;c=12.\dfrac{5}{4}=15\)
Vậy (a,b,c) = (18,16,15)
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\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=\dfrac{a+2b-3c}{2+2\cdot3-3\cdot4}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=10\\b=15\\c=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
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\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=\dfrac{2b}{6}=\dfrac{3c}{12}=\dfrac{a+2b-3c}{2+6-12}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{2}=5\\\dfrac{b}{3}=5\\\dfrac{c}{4}=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=10\\b=15\\c=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
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`a/2 = b/3 = c/4`
`=> a/2 = (2b)/6 = (3c)/12`
mà `a+2b-3c=-20`
áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
` a/2 = (2b)/6 = (3c)/12 = (a+2b-3c)/(2+6-12)=(-20)/-4 = 5`
` => a=5xx2=10`
`b=5xx3=15`
`c=5xx4=20`
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Câu a, b, c giống dạng nhau nên mình làm một câu a và câu d thôi nha, bạn tham khảo ^^
Giải:
a) \(a=\dfrac{b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{3}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ sô bằng nhau:
\(a=\dfrac{b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{3}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{1-2+3}=\dfrac{10}{2}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5.1=5\\b=2.5=10\\c=3.5=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(a:b:c=3:4:5\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{9}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{c^2}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{18}=\dfrac{2b^2}{32}=\dfrac{3c^2}{75}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ sô bằng nhau:
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{18}=\dfrac{2b^2}{32}=\dfrac{3c^2}{75}=\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2-3c^2}{18+32-75}=\dfrac{-100}{-25}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{4.18}{2}=36\\b^2=\dfrac{4.32}{2}=64\\c^2=\dfrac{4.75}{3}=100\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\pm6\\b=\pm8\\c=\pm10\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Đặt \(\left(a;2b;3c\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}+\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{1+y^2}\ge x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{2y}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y}{2}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}\ge y+1-\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)z}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\ge z+1-\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)x}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}+3-\dfrac{9}{6}=3\)
\(Q_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=\dfrac{b-2}{3}=\dfrac{c-3}{4}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=\dfrac{2b-4}{6}=\dfrac{3c-9}{12}\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=\dfrac{2b-4}{6}=\dfrac{3c-9}{12}=\dfrac{a-1-2b+4+3c-9}{2-6+12}=\dfrac{14-6}{8}=1\)
Do \(\dfrac{a-1}{2}=1\Rightarrow a=3\)
\(\dfrac{2b-4}{6}=1\Rightarrow b=5\)
\(\dfrac{3c-9}{12}=1\Rightarrow c=7\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=5\\c=7\end{matrix}\right..\)
cảm ơn