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Xét với n là số tự nhiên không nhỏ hơn 1 , ta có
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng điều trên :
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2010\sqrt{2009}}< \)
\(< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}\right)< \)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2025}}\right)=\frac{88}{45}\)
\(\frac{87}{89}< \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}< \frac{88}{45}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}>\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)k}=\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}>A>1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}>A>1-\frac{1}{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{88}{45}>\frac{2011-\sqrt{2011}}{2011}>A>\frac{2010}{2011}>\frac{87}{89}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{87}{89}< \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2011\sqrt{2010}}< \frac{88}{45}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x>2009;y>2010;z>2011\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{x-2009}-1}{x-2009}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{y-2010}-1}{y-2010}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{z-2011}-1}{z-2011}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-2009-4\sqrt{x-2009}+4}{4\left(x-2009\right)}+\frac{y-2010-4\sqrt{y-2010}+4}{4\left(y-2010\right)}+\frac{z-2011-4\sqrt{z-2011}+4}{4\left(z-2011\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{x-2009}-2\right)^2}{x-2009}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{y-2010}-2\right)^2}{y-2010}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{z-2011}-2\right)^2}{z-2011}=0\)
Do ĐKXĐ nên các mẫu số đều dương nên các hạng tử đều ko âm
Vậy đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2009}-2=0\\\sqrt{y-2010}-2=0\\\sqrt{z-2011}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2013\\y=2014\\z=2015\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\frac{3-2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{4-3}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{100-99}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}}.\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-1=10-1=9.\)