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Bài 3:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)
Bài này đã có ở đây:
Cho abc=1CMR\(\dfrac{a+3}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b+3}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c+3}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\ge3\) - Hoc24
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\)
Đồng thời: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2+z^2-x^2=2a^2\\z^2+x^2-y^2=2b^2\\x^2+y^2-z^2=2c^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z+z+x+x+y\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+ac}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{a^3b^3c^3}}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{2}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\left[\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+a^2\right)}\right]\) (1)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=x\\b^2+c^2=y\\c^2+a^2=z\end{matrix}\right.\), ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Bất_đẳng_thức_Nesbitt)
\(=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
Lời giải:
Vì $1=a^2+b^2+c^2$ nên:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(=3+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(\leq 3+\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)
\(=3+\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}\)