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\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{2450}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}-...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-2.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+..+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{25}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{27}+\dfrac{1}{28}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=B\)
\(\Rightarrow A:B=1\)
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
a.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b.
Ta có:
\(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2\sqrt{ab.ac}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab.ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Hình như thế này mới đúng chứ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2.\dfrac{a}{c};\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2.\dfrac{b}{a};\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2.\dfrac{c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT BSC:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\)
2.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\) và BĐT BSC:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a+b}{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}+\dfrac{b+c}{\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2}}+\dfrac{c+a}{\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
\(\le2.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\)
Cách khác:
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\)
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\cdot\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{4}}=a\)
Chứng minh tương tự :
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b;\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\ge a+b+c\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) Dấu= xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
b) BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Hay là \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\),
đúng.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
c) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)^2}{x^2+1}\ge4\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^2+4\ge4x^2+4\Leftrightarrow x^4\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $x=0.$
d) Xét hiệu hai vế đi bạn.